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Understanding Imperialism: Causes, Effects, and Historical Context

This document explores the concept of imperialism, its motivations for nations to expand their influence, and its impacts on the territories they control. It delves into the desire for raw materials, new markets, and the spread of Western civilization, referencing Kipling's "White Man's Burden" and Social Darwinism. It analyzes U.S. imperialism through historical events such as the Spanish-American War, highlighting resistance movements in colonized nations. The piece also examines the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, the rise of dictatorships between the world wars, and the Cold War's evolution.

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Understanding Imperialism: Causes, Effects, and Historical Context

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Revised 2011 OGT Review 3

  2. What is Imperialism? Policy used by some nations to take over other nations

  3. Why do countries imperialize? • Raw materials/natural resources • New markets for finished products • Spread western civilization • Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden” • Social Darwinism • Convert people to Christianity • Establish military bases and overseas ports • Increase the power and influence of the controlling nations • Nationalism/desire to become a world power

  4. Impact on People in Controlled Areas • Could not rule themselves • Language, religion, and culture were forced upon them by ruling nations • Gave up natural resources without compensation • Literacy rates went up as education improved • Health standards improves

  5. How did the U.S. become an imperial power? • Alaska • Hawaii • Spanish-American war (1898) • Cuba • Teller Amendment • Platt Amendment • Puerto Rico • Foraker Act • Guam • Philippines

  6. Resistance to Imperialism • What arguments may be made for and against imperialism? • Many people rebelled in the imperialized countries. • Boxer Rebellion in China • Gandhi’s non-violent protest movement against British in India • Filipino Rebellion against the U.S.

  7. How did the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I impact foreign policy? • Germany had to take the blame for WWI • Took territory from Germany • Germany had to pay reparations, leading to economic and political instability • Germans had deep resentment for the Treaty of Versailles

  8. Between the World Wars • World wide depression created political and economic stability in many countries • Rise of dictatorships: Why? • Hitler and Germany • Stalin and USSR • Mussolini and Italy • Franco and Spain • Tojo and Japan

  9. The Failure of the League of Nations leads to World War II • U.S. remained isolated and did not join • Weak organization and could not stop the rise of totalitarian nations • Great Britain and France failed with the policy of appeasement • Germany attacked Poland in 1939 and Britain and France followed the attack with a declaration of war • U.S. to enter in December of 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor

  10. Results of World War II • Ended in 1945 with the U.S. dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Marshall Plan • Differing intentions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union would lead to the Cold War • The U.S. and its allies formed NATO • The Soviet Union and its allies (“Satellites”) formed the Warsaw Pact • Churchill would state that “an iron curtain had descended upon Europe”

  11. Events of the Cold War • Truman Doctrine and Containment • Berlin Blockade • Atomic weapons and the arms race • Communist Revolution in China • The Korean Conflict • McCarthyism • The Cuban Missile Crisis • The Vietnam War • The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, leading to the reunification of Germany

  12. U.S. Domestic Affairs in the 1920s • Red Scare • Women’s right to vote • The Great Migration • Immigration Restrictions • Revival of the Ku Klux Klan • Roaring 20s • Harlem Renaissance • Stock Market Speculation • Stock Market Crash

  13. U.S. Domestic Policy in the 1930s • Great Depression • New Deal (Relief, Recovery, Reform) • Dust Bowl

  14. U.S. Domestic Policy 1940-1945 • U.S. in World War II • Home Front • Industrial Mobilization • Women and Minorities in the Workforce • Rationing • Internment of Japanese-Americans

  15. U.S. Domestic Policy 1945-Present • Postwar Prosperity • McCarthyism • Space Race • Immigration Patterns (Sun Belt, Rust Belt) • Antiwar protest • Counterculture Movement • Women’s Liberation Movement • Civil Rights Movement

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