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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders. Chapter 11 Section 2. Types of Anxiety Disorders. Disorders are characterized by excessive or inappropriate anxiety reactions. Major types Phobias Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Phobias.

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Anxiety Disorders

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  1. Anxiety Disorders Chapter 11 Section 2

  2. Types of Anxiety Disorders • Disorders are characterized by excessive or inappropriate anxiety reactions. • Major types • Phobias • Panic disorder • Generalized anxiety disorder • Obsessive-compulsive disorder

  3. Phobias • Phobias- Irrational or excessive fears of particular objects or situations. • The DSM-IV classifies 3 types of phobic disorders. • Social phobia (meeting others, dating, giving speeches in class) • Specific phobia (heights, animals, insects, enclosed spaces) • Agoraphobia (open or public places)

  4. Phobia • Anyone have a phobia?

  5. Phobias • http://phobialist.com/ • http://www.unusualphobias.com/Phobias.html

  6. Panic Disorder • People with panic disorder experience sudden episodes of sheer terror. • Characterized by intense physical symptoms (Write down 3) • Profuse sweating • Nausea • Numbness or tingling • Chills • Trembling • Chest pain • Shortness of breath • Rapid heartbeat

  7. Panic Disorder • Panic disorder can, at first, come out of the blue. • Later, they are usually associated with situations • Agoraphobia can develop in people who have panic disorders.

  8. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Experience persistent anxiety that is not tied to any particular object or situation. • Anxiety is a “free floating” quality that travels with the person from place to place.

  9. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Persistent obsessions and/or compulsions. • Nagging, intrusive thoughts that are unable to be controlled. • Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or “rituals” the person performs again and again.

  10. So… • What’s the difference between a compulsion and a superstition?

  11. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Biological Factors • Genetics have been found to be a cause of panic disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, and phobic disorders

  12. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Biological Factors • Biochemical changes in brain trigger an “internal alarm” to induce panic • Obsessional thinking may be linked to danger sensing areas of the brain may be heightened in some people.

  13. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Psychological Factors • Phobias may be learned through classical conditioning (people who have been bit by dogs maybe scared of them). • Operant conditioning may reinforce avoidance behavior (avoidance of object is negatively reinforced by feelings of safety).

  14. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Negative reinforcement can help perpetuate OCD (obsessive thoughts trigger anxiety, which is partially relieved through performing a ritual. In effect, the solution becomes the problem)

  15. Causes of Anxiety Disorders Triggering stimulus (internal or external) Perceived Threat Catastrophic interpretations of sensations Feelings of apprehension or worry Body Sensations

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