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HYDROLOGY AND WATER PROTECTION

HYDROLOGY AND WATER PROTECTION. Výukový materiál EK 01 - 28 Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR. HYDROSPHERE.

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HYDROLOGY AND WATER PROTECTION

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  1. HYDROLOGY AND WATER PROTECTION Výukový materiál EK 01 - 28 Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

  2. HYDROSPHERE • A water cover of the Earth Subsurface water Water in live organisms Water in the atmosphere Surface water Oceans Seas Lakes Glaciers Snow Soil water Groundwater Plants Animals

  3. WATER • 1. sea water – 97 % • 2. fresh water – 3 % • A) running = lotic (springs, streams, rivers) • B) standing = lentic (lakes, ponds, pools…)

  4. WATER • Water is in all three states (gaseous, liquid, solid) • It is in a constant circulation • It changes states

  5. WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER ORGANISMS • WATER DENSITY: • Lifting big organisms (a rorqual) • It influences a shape of a body hydrodynamic • SURFACE TENSION: • Indusium • Neuston = plankton near the surface • Pleuston = organisms on the surface of the indusium (a water measurer)

  6. THE INFLUANCE ON WATER ORGANISMS • HYDROSTATIC PRESURE: • Organisms tolerate pressure increase up to a certain point • Sudden pressure changes are dangerous • LIGHT PERMEABILITY: • Light intensity is reduced by depth • Turbidity (dirtiness, organisms…) reduces water transparency • Euphonical layer = lighten enough, photosynthesis dominates breathing

  7. WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER ORGANISMS • TEMPERATURE: • A limiting factor of water environment • The warmer water the less oxygen • OXYGEN: • Its content fluctuates in water (temperature, atmospheric pressure)

  8. WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS • Water on dry land is a limiting factor • Animal adaptation to the increased amount of water: • Higher release • Hydrophobic surface of a body (greasy fur, feathers) • Lower concentration of body fluids • Animal adaptation to the decreased amount of water: • Reduction of sweat glands • Brighter body colouring • Waterproof body surface • Concentrated and dry excrements

  9. WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS • Plants: • Water receiving mainly by roots • We divide them according to demands on water: • Hydrofyts = water (a duckweed) • Hygrofyts = hydrophilous (a kingcup) • Mezofyts = not high demands (a marguerite) • Xerofyts = xerophilus (a kavyl)

  10. WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS • Plant adaptation to lower amount of water: • Long roots • Hears • Thick cuticula • Stock organs • Leaves reduction • Adaptation of metabolism

  11. PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION • A. biological pollution • Dung-water • Sewage • Waste (starch factories, sugar factories…) • B. chemical pollution • Oil and oil products • Phenols • Fertilizers • Pesticides • Heavy metals

  12. PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION • C. physical pollution • Radioactive • Thermal • Mechanical

  13. WATER PROTECTION • Water has a self-cleaning ability up to a certain point • Building of sewage treatment plants • Reduction of consumption of drinking and supply water • Prevent seepage of substances with an adverse impact on down streams • Responsible intervention of humans into water relations in the landscape

  14. REVISION: • 1. Hydrology is ………… • 2. Flushing water =……………. • 3. Running water = ……………. • 4. Water pollution is: • A)…………………. • B) ………………… • C)…………………. • 5. How did the plants adopt to the decrease of water amount?

  15. Zdroj: • HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-720-0340-2 • BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství České geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN 80-860-3445-3

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