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Australopithecus afarensis AL 288-1, Lucy Hadar, Ethiopia, 3.2 mya

Australopithecus afarensis AL 288-1, Lucy Hadar, Ethiopia, 3.2 mya. STS 52 A. africanus, Sterkfontein, South Africa 2.3-2.8 mya. massive chewing morphologies of the robust australopithecines large teeth thick tooth enamel deep mandible sagital crest attachment for chewing muscles

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Australopithecus afarensis AL 288-1, Lucy Hadar, Ethiopia, 3.2 mya

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  1. Australopithecus afarensisAL 288-1, LucyHadar, Ethiopia, 3.2 mya

  2. STS 52 A. africanus, Sterkfontein, South Africa 2.3-2.8 mya

  3. massive chewing morphologies of the robust australopithecines • large teeth • thick tooth enamel • deep mandible • sagital crest attachment for chewing muscles • dental microwear shows scratches & pitting Paranthropus boiseiOH 51.8 mya

  4. Coarse striae on P. boisei molar

  5. Postcrania • relatively long upper limbs • hand phalanges show curving morphology • Suggests arboreal capabilities A. afarensisAL 288-1, Lucy

  6. bipedality fully developed in earliest australopithecines Australopithecus afarensisAL 288-1, LucyHadar, Ethiopia, 3.2 mya

  7. chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes note the length of the pelvis

  8. Australopithecine valgus kneeangled inward (lateral-medial)

  9. A. afarensis foot adaptations for bipedlity metarsals curved showing an arch like modern humans

  10. Laetoli footpints, Tanzania, 3.6 mya

  11. Laetoli footprints show very modern pattern of walking

  12. Lewis Binford • questioned a range of assumed behaviors of australopithecines • promoted taphonomic research

  13. C. K Brain • questioned associations of bones with australopithecines as food remains • initated modern taphonomic research

  14. Homo habilisKNM ER-1813 Koobi Fora, Kenya1.9 mya

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