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Enhancing Wind Energy Acceptance through Aesthetic Design Principles

This guide explores how to increase public acceptance of wind energy projects by emphasizing aesthetic considerations. It highlights the importance of minimizing environmental footprints and creating visual harmony with landscapes. Through overarching principles and practical strategies, such as uniformity in turbine design and the avoidance of visual clutter, this resource aims to demonstrate that wind energy can coexist beautifully with nature. By fostering community involvement and awareness, we can transform perceptions of wind energy into broad support.

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Enhancing Wind Energy Acceptance through Aesthetic Design Principles

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  1. Aesthetic Guidelines: Design As If People Matter Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  2. Increasing Acceptance #1 “Your Own Pigs Don’t Stink” Jutland, Denmark

  3. Public Opinion Surveys • “Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder” • True, But Most People Agree on “Beauty” • Broad Support ~ 70%-90% • On Both Sides of the Atlantic • In the Abstract! • Benefits Global • Impacts Local Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  4. Acceptance of Wind Energy Source: L. Arkesteijn, Energy Connection Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

  5. Power Plant Acceptance 100% 80% 60% 40% Neutral Rejectors 20% NIMBYs Acceptors 0% Nuclear Fossil Biomass Wind Thayer, Consumer Attitude and Choice Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  6. Power Plant Acceptance Ratings 5 ! ! 4.5 WIND ! 4 " " " # 3.5 BIOMASS # ! FOSSIL 3 " # 2.5 # NUCLEAR 2 Visual Quality Health & Safety Environmental Impact Overall Thayer, R. Consumer Attitude and Choice Paul Gipe, wind-works.org Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  7. Wind Turbines are Often Not Single Objects on the Landscape

  8. Increasing Acceptance #2 • Minimize Wind’s Footprint • Physical--Roads, Foundations, Buildings • Environmental & Visual • Seek Harmony • with Neighbors & the Environment • Wind as a part of the Landscape • Not a Wind Landscape • as in California • NIMBY to POOL

  9. Aesthetic Design--Not New Idea CalPoly 1984 Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  10. Provide Distinct Visual Units CalPoly 1984 Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  11. Keep Ancillary Structures Off Hills & Ridges Paul Gipe & Assoc. Chris Blandford Assoc.

  12. Aesthetic Design • Provide Visual Uniformity • Turbine, Tower, Color, Direction of Rotation • Keep Them Spinning • Remove Inoperative Turbines • Avoid Clutter • Avoid Obstruction Marking • Avoid Billboards & Logos • Bury Power Lines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  13. Aesthetic Design (Continued) • Always Dress Them Properly • Control Erosion • Avoid Steep Slopes • Harmonize Ancillary Structures • Inform Public • Use Proper Proportions • Use Open Spacing • Be a Good Neighbor Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  14. Provide Visual Uniformity

  15. Keep Them Spinning Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  16. Keep Them Clean Use a Drip Pan or a Diaper (Nappie) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  17. Bury All Intra-Project Lines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  18. Montefalcone, Italy Bury All Intra-Project Lines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  19. Avoid Visual Clutter Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003, with Telephoto Lens

  20. Avoid “Industrialization” Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003

  21. Avoid Mixing Types Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  22. Use Open Spacing Don’t Get Greedy Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  23. Remove Dead Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  24. Remove Headless Horsemen Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  25. Dress for Success Nacelle Covers Nose Cones Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  26. Avoid Cell (Mobile) Phones Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  27. Minimize Roads • Use Existing Roads • Use Existing Tracks • Minimize Width • Minimize Radius • Harden Where Needed

  28. . . . Or Eliminate Roads Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  29. Minimize Physical Footprint . . . Especially in Arid Terrain Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  30. Avoid Steep Slopes Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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