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1. What is “ insight ” learning?

1. What is “ insight ” learning?. A mental process marked by the sudden and expected solution to a problem Often called the “ah-ha!” experience. 2. Who first claimed that non-humans are capable of insight?. Wolfgang K ö hler. 3. Discuss the criticism this person received for his claim.

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1. What is “ insight ” learning?

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  1. 1. What is “insight” learning? • A mental process marked by the sudden and expected solution to a problem • Often called the “ah-ha!” experience

  2. 2. Who first claimed that non-humans are capable of insight? • Wolfgang Köhler

  3. 3. Discuss the criticism this person received for his claim. • He did not explain how chimps solved the problem; he just described the process. • The chimps needed prior experience getting or retrieving objects

  4. 10. What is prepared learning (preparedness)? • The innate or biological tendency of animals to recognize, attend to, and store certain cues over others • As well as to associate some combinations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli more easily than others

  5. Examples of prepared learning: • Rats learn to associate smell and taste cues very quickly (learned taste aversions) • Children are prepared to learn to walk upright; learn quickly through trial and error and observation • People are more likely to develop phobias for dangerous creatures

  6. 5. What is imprinting? • Inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter certain stimuli in their environment • It helps the young survive by staying close to their mothers

  7. 6. How are learned food aversions an example of prepared learning? • Animals (and humans) can become classically conditioned after only one pairing, and quickly learn what foods to avoid

  8. 7. Provide an example of a biological factor that prevents learning. • Chimps do not have the vocal structure, or brain structure, to speak

  9. 8. What are the advantages of the time-out procedure as compared to using positive punishment? • Positive punishment may cause negative emotional reactions as well as negative feelings toward the punisher (parents) • Parents may serve as model of aggressive behavior that the children may imitate

  10. 8. Suzuki Method • The Suzuki Method uses Bandura’s principles of observational learning • Only teach if the child is paying attention • Until the child has the memory abilities to learn musical notation, use other methods • Children must have the motor skills necessary to imitate the physical behaviors; start with miniature instruments • Motivate the children by playing games; do not push them beyond their ability

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