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Progressivism

Progressivism. Idealism, Professionalism, and Politics, 1900-1917. So what was it?. Multi-faceted reform movement, as much a persuasion as an agenda Credentialed professionals, scientific management, desire for efficiency underlay many Progressive initiatives.

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Progressivism

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  1. Progressivism Idealism, Professionalism, and Politics, 1900-1917

  2. So what was it? • Multi-faceted reform movement, as much a persuasion as an agenda • Credentialed professionals, scientific management, desire for efficiency underlay many Progressive initiatives. • Humanitarian Impulses and Political Reforms were the two major strains of Progressivism. (These often were intermingled.)

  3. Why Progressivism? • Awareness of harsh conditions for workers—muckrakers: Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives • Old Liberal Republicans • Socialism • Quest for efficiency and order

  4. Poor People Fishing for Coal

  5. Political Progressivism • Local, State, and National Level Reforms • “The cure for the ills of Democracy is more Democracy. • Council-Manager municipal government [City Managers (credentialed professionals)] • Initiative, Referendum, Recall • Direct Election of U. S. Senators; Graduated Income Tax

  6. Efficiency • F. W. Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management • Robert La Follette—Legislative Reference Bureau—legal, economic, and scientific advice to law makers

  7. Humanitarian Reforms • Professional Social Workers • Child Labor Laws • Problem with “liberty of Contract” • Muller v. Oregon (1908) upheld maximum hour laws for women

  8. Progressive Era Presidents: Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

  9. Roosevelt Presidency • Prosecuted Northern Securities Trust • 1904 Election—Square Deal • Hepburn Act (1906)—ICC to set rates • Pure Food & Drug Act; Meat Inspection Act (1906) • Support of Conservation of Public Domain

  10. Taft Presidency • Not really a progressive • Angered Progressives when he supported Payne-Aldrich Tariff (lower rates of house bill replaced by high rates under Senate Republicans) • Angered Progressives when he fired Gifford Pinchot after he reported how the Richard Ballinger (Interior) had opened up western rivers to dams. • Roosevelt broke with Taft and returned from Africa to run for political office.

  11. 1912 Election • Roosevelt and Progressive “Bull Moose Party”: “We stand at Armageddon and we battle for the Lord.” • Taft—Regular Republicans • Wilson and Progressive Democrats • Wilson had 435 electoral votes; TR had 88; and Taft 8.

  12. Woodrow Wilson • Self-righteous Presbyterian Sunday School Teacher • Ph. D. in Political Science from Johns Hopkins • Scientific Racist—Father was a leading Pro-Slavery minister (Joseph Ruggles Wilson)

  13. Wilson the Progressive • Underwood-Simmons Tariff (cut rates and backfilled with income tax)--1913 • Federal Reserve Act—1913 • Federal Trade Commission—1914 (cease & desist orders against unfair traders) • Nominated Louis David Brandeis to S. Ct. • Signed Keating-Owen Child Labor Act—1916 (Struck down in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)

  14. Progressive Legacy • Racist assumptions made disfranchisement seem progressive • White, Middle-Class, College Educated biases (Prohibition was directed against working class, eastern European, Catholic immigrants) • But U. S. Entry into WWI, trumped Progressivism, the way U.S. entry into WWII would trump the New Deal

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