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Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds

Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds. 3-. 3+. When compounds form, the net charge always equals zero. The number of + always equals the number of -. Lets picture what happens. Na + + Cl - are attracted to each other. Na + and O 2- are attracted to each other. NaCl. Cl -. Na +.

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Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds

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  1. Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds 3- 3+ When compounds form, the net charge always equals zero. The number of + always equals the number of -.

  2. Lets picture what happens • Na+ + Cl- are attracted to each other. • Na+ and O2- are attracted to each other. NaCl Cl- Na+ O2- Na+ Na+ Na2O

  3. potassium magnesium Gallium Lithium chloride oxide hydroxide phosphide phosphate Your turn: Use the following ions to make as many compounds as you can. You may use your ion sheet. • Cl1- • O2- • (OH)1- • P3- • PO43- K+ Mg2+ Ga3+ Li1+ Cl1- KCl MgCl2 GaCl3 LiCl O2- Ga2O3 Li2O K 2O MgO (OH)1- KOH Ga(OH)3 LiOH Mg(OH)2 P3- K3P Mg3P2 GaP Li3P

  4. Potassium chloride Magnesium chloride Potassium oxide Magnesium oxide Potassium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Potassium phosphide Magnesium phosphide gallium phosphide

  5. Oxidation number • The charge on a monatomic ion is called the oxidation number. • An ion with more than one atom, has a different oxidation number on each atom, so the sum of the oxidation numbers equals the charge of the ion. • Your ion sheet lists some common oxidation numbers for metals .

  6. Reading Isotopes Mass number S Charge or oxidation number 2- 32 16 atomic number = number of protons

  7. Reading Isotopes Mass number F Charge or oxidation number 1- 19 9 atomic number = number of protons

  8. What is the oxidation numbers of sulfur in this compound? ? 4 of 2- = -8 CaSO4 2+ 0 = 2 - 8 + ? ? = 6

  9. What is the oxidation numbers of phosphorous in this compound? ? 4 of 2- = -8 Na3 PO4 3 sets of 1+ 0 = 3 - 8 + ? ? = 5

  10. Write the formula for the following compounds: calcium chloride sodium cyanide magnesium oxide MAKE SURE THE CHARGES ARE BALANCED! Ca Cl2 Na CN Mg O

  11. Write the formula for the following compounds: silver and fluorine nickel (II) and sulfur chromium (III) and bromine MAKE SURE THE CHARGES ARE BALANCED! Ag F Ni S Cr Br3

  12. barium sulfate barium sulfide magnesium phosphate strontium bromide chromium (III) acetate Ba2+ SO42- S2- Mg2+ PO43- Sr2+ Br1- Cr3+ C2H3O21- 4. Write formulas for the following. BaSO4 BaS Mg3(PO4)2 …….

  13. Explain lead-207’s parts mass number Pb 207 82 mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons atomic number = number of protons # neutrons = mass # - atomic # # electrons = # protons atomic number

  14. Naming Binary inorganic compounds. Al2S3 Sulfide S2- Aluminum Al3+ K3P Phosphide P3- Potassium K+ The charges not needed for naming most compounds The charges are only needed for writing chemical formulas.

  15. Naming Binary inorganic compounds containing transition metals. Cr2S3 Sulfide S2- chromium (III) Cr3+ Cu3P Phosphide P3- copper (I) Cu+ The charges ARE needed for naming these compounds The charges are also needed for writing chemical formulas.

  16. To name covalent compounds • Covalent compounds are composed of two or more nonmetals which share electrons. (Some metalloids are covalently bonded as well). • USE PREFIXES mono = 1 penta = 5 di = 2 hexa = 6 tri = 3 hepta = 7 tetra = 4 octa = 8

  17. Naming covalent compounds mono = 1 penta = 5 di = 2 hexa = 6 tri = 3 hepta = 7 tetra = 4 octa = 8 • CO2 • CO • P2O5 • carbon dioxide • carbon monoxide • diphosphorous pentoxide Try SF6 prefix if not mono-name of less electronegative atom, prefix of second atom– ending ide sulfur hexafluoride

  18. Naming Organic Compounds meth = 1 eth = 2 prop = 3 but = 4 pent = 5 hex = 6 hept = 7 oct = 8 non = 9 … • Organic compounds have one or more carbons, surrounded with hydrogens. • They may have double or triple bonds, and may include oxygen, or other atoms. • They are named by counting the “carbon backbone” and applying a prefix • “Functional Groups” provide the rest of the name.

  19. Naming Organic Compounds meth = 1 eth = 2 prop = 3 but = 4 pent = 5 hex = 6 hept = 7 oct = 8 non = 9 … • Butane = 4 carbons • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • Heptane = 7 carbons • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • Octane = 8 carbons • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

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