A research study Writing a Systematic Review in Clinical Research – Pubrica

1. A Research Study Writing a SystematicReview in ClinicalResearch An Academic presentationby Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica Group:www.pubrica.com Email:sales@pubrica.com

2. TODAY'SDISCUSSION InBrief Introduction A systematic review involves a series of distinct steps AboutPubrica

3. INBRIEF A systematic review summarises the findings of precisely organized healthcare research (controlled trials) and gives a high degree of evidence on the efficacy of healthcareinterventions. The evidence may be used to make decisions and guide healthcarerecommendations. These analyses are complex and rely heavily on the available clinical trials, how they were conducted (trial quality), and the assessed healthoutcomes. Contd...

4. Meta-analyses are a standard method used by review authors to pool numerical data regarding treatmentoutcomes. Next,theauthorsevaluatetheevidenceforanyadvantagesorrisksassociatedwithsuch therapies. Systematic Review Writing might summarise the existing clinical research on a topic in thisway.

5. INTRODUCTION The most dependable source of evidence to guide clinical practice is a high-quality systematicreview. A systematic review aims to provide a detailed overview of all available primary research in answer to a specific researchissue. Asystematicreview,often research, usesallavailableresearch). knownassecondary research(researchon Contd...

6. They are commonly used in guideline creation and are typically needed by research funders to establish the status of currentknowledge. The results of systematic reviews are frequently employed in the healthcare field, but they can also be usedelsewhere. The process used in ConductingaSystematic Reviewis detailed and precise to reduce bias and increase the reliability of the resultsreached. A systematic review has the following characteristics Contd...

7. explicit objectives with predetermined study eligibility and relevancecriteria; transparent, repeatable methodology; thorough search to find all suitable studies; a systematic performance and synthesis of the includedresearch, as well as an assessment of the validity of the conclusions of the includedstudies

8. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW INVOLVES A SERIES OF DISTINCTSTEPS Establish a research question: Awell-defined review question is the backbone of theClinical Trial Systematic Review Servicessystematic review, similar to a precise specific goal ina clinicalstudy. A good review question is clinically relevant,not too broad but targeted, and usually identifies the population, the intervention or exposure, and the desiredoutcome(s). Contd...

10. Clearly define the criteria for inclusion and exclusion: Eligibility requirements are derived mainly from the study question. PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes) is an abbreviation that helps identify which patient population, treatments or exposures in the treatment and control groups and outcome(s) research must report being eligible forinclusion. Other criteria, such as research design, publication date, or language, might be used to include or excludepeople. Contd...

11. Conductathoroughliteraturesearch:BibliographicdatabaseslikePubMed, WebofKnowledge,Scopus,andEMBASEarecommonlyusedtoconduct literaturesearches. Thestudyselectioncriteriamustbemappedontosensiblesearchphrases, which must then be combined coherently using Booleanoperators. Extra search strategies, such as reviewing reference lists, conference proceedings, or trial registries, might help you find unpublished research or additionalreferences. Contd...

12. Selectstudies:Titlesandabstractsarefirst evaluated for inclusion and exclusioncriteria. Full-texts of possibly suitable references are retrieved to determine which publications to add further depth. Two or more researchers should independently pick studies, extract data, and assess quality, with the search and selection approach outcomes shown in a flowdiagram. Contd...

13. Extractdata:Thekindandamountofdata extracted depends on the review’s goal and scope, but typically these data include study design type(s), patient characteristics, and outcomedata. A well-designed data extraction procedure and form facilitates consistent and thorough dataextraction. Assess the quality of the studies included: There is a range of quality evaluation techniques for different research types (e.g., Cochrane risk of bias tool; Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]; Newcastle- Ottawascale). Contd...

14. The quality evaluation findings are critical for readers to determine if the research provided trustworthy and generalizableinformation. To prevent a “garbage in, garbage out” impact, authors occasionally remove low-quality papersaltogether. Analyze the data, display it, and analyze it: A meta-analysis is frequently employed to combine quantitative data, although not always. However, a meta-analysis should not be undertaken if the included studies are not sufficiently comparable to allow for significant datasynthesis. For example, here found a lot of clinical and methodological variability (e.g., different chronic pain conditions, treatment and follow-up durations, and magnesium formulations). Therefore they did a qualitative analysis and presented the findings descriptively.

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