How to Formulate a Researchable Question based on PICOS – Pubrica

1. How to Formulate a ResearchableQuestion based onPICOS An Academic presentationby Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica Group: www.pubrica.com Email:sales@pubrica.com

2. Today'sDiscussion Outline In Brief Introduction Formulating the research question Importance of PICOquestion The PICOFormula Conclusion

3. INBRIEF One of the most difficult challenges a researcher faces before starting a project is generating a researchablequestion. Unanswered questions in current interactions dictating clinical alternate practice and treatments will lead to the formulation of a clinical researchquestion. Contd...

4. It would help researchers by giving them step-by-step instructions about how to formulate a researchquestion. It also explains how to frame a research question using PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes)parameters. Finally, before starting a research question, we evaluate the characteristics of a researchproject.

5. INTRODUCTION A researchable question can be challenged, investigated,andanalysedtoprovidevaluable knowledgeaboutanissue. A successful research experiment is determinedbyhowwellanauthorformulates the research issue in light of everyday researchandclinicalpracticeissues. Contd...

6. The research project’s fundamental issues provide crucial details for determining whether the subject is appropriate, researchable, and meaningful. A well-formulated research question necessitates excessive detail and precision, which guides the project’s execution while identifyingvariables andthepopulationofinterest. We’llgothroughaclinicalsituationandseehowclinicalproblemsemerge andhowtheywillhelpuswiththefactsweneedtoaddressourquestion.

7. FORMULATINGTHE RESEARCHQUESTION CASE A 2-year-old boy with a fever and severe pain in his right ear visits an emergency doctor. His mother is concerned that he has been on the antibiotic amoxicillin for the last two weeks, and he has a history of chronic ear infections. Contd...

8. She is worried about the long-term effects of antibioticuse. She’s still worried about the consequences of chronic earinfections. Becauseofitssideeffects,suchasconstantdiarrhoea,sheneedstoknowwhetheran amoxicillin prescription is safe or whether another antibiotic can replaceit. This case raises several questions, which can be divided into two categories: history andforeground. Contd...

10. “Background Queries” are generic questions about a health condition orillness. These problems usually include comparing two objects, such as two medications or treatments, or two diagnostic processes,etc. PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) is a commonly used method for framing a “foreground” study issue [Table1]. Contd...

12. POPULATION ORPROBLEM Addressing a specific population, its important characteristics and demographic information. You may classify the paediatric population with otitis media, the age group, sex, presenting complaint, and experience from the above example from the above case. INTERVENTION OR TREATMENT OF INTEREST Treatments, procedures, laboratory tests, and risk or prognostic variables are also examples ofinterventions. Contd...

13. The intervention in this situation could be your treatment strategy for the patient, including new medication, a screening test, a prognostic factor, or aprocedure. E.g., based on your observations in a clinic, cefuroxime is a safer therapeutic choice for otitis media thanamoxicillin. Still, you are unsure about its effectiveness in paediatric otitis mediapatients. COMPARATOR OR CONTROL when a new treatment is linked to one that stillexists Contd...

14. OUTCOME The intervention’s result is known as the outcome—for example, its ability to manage discomfort. As a result, in the example above, the effect may be pain relief, infection resolution, or a reduction in the risk of developingresistance. A successful primary outcome should be simple to quantify, specific, valid, reproducible, and appropriate to your researchissue. In a traditional clinical environment, a clinician must be aware of context and foreground questions based on their knowledge of a specific condition andtreatment. Contd...

15. More background questions are presented after history questions are asked. Medical considerations emerge from a clinical work’s centralproblems. For instance, determining the causes or risk factors (etiological questions), evaluating diagnostic measures based on sensitivity and specificity (diagnostic question), determining the best treatment choices (therapeutic question), and the treatment outcome (prognosticquestion).

16. IMPORTANCE OFPICO QUESTION The PICO question is a different way of thinking about clinical issues that emerge in healthcare. These questions, unlike informational questions, are very complex and can be difficult toformulate. They are made up of particular elements or principles that have a specific role in the evidence- basedprocess. Contd...

17. THE PICOFORMULA The fact that this procedure is knownas formulating is no coincidence. Whenyou ask a PICO question, you’re building a formula that accomplishes manygoals Contd...

19. Define the elements or ideas in the query to help focusit. Used to determine which publications in a search retrieval better answer thequery Defines the principles that would be used when running a complexliteraturesearch Assists in determining whether the studies found to answer the initial question’scomponents. At the end of the review, you’ll have all the details you need to decide if the PICO action can beapplied. Contd...

20. A concentrated research question contributes to structured research projectpreparation. It is not a shortage of concepts that is causing the difficulties in framing a studyissue. The task is to transform a novel research issue into a proper study plan, which is the next step in the research question refinementprocess

21. CONCLUSION A well-formulated research topic is a good place to proceed when doing a good study or practising evidence-based medicine. A clinician should use the process outlined in this paper to formulate a question and look for a response, anda researcher can use it to create a new researchproject. Contd...

22. The traditional method is first to classify a research question, then do a detailed literature reviewusing the PICOcriteria. If the research question is well-defined, it will lead to a good study design and methodology. Finally, the findings are applied to a particular patientgroup. In short, a researchable topic points to truth rather than opinions and is related to the ultimate purposeof the researchproject

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