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Mastering Conjunctions Types, Functions, and Usage An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy | Clinical and Medical Research Expert Group: pubrica.com Email : sales@pubrica.com
Introduction • Conjunctions are an important part of speech, connecting words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. • They express logical relationships, aid sentence flow, and produce cohesion in writing. • Three key types: coordinating, paired, and subordinating conjunctions. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Co-ordinating Conjunction • Definition: Join grammatically equivalent elements in a sentence. • FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So • Purpose: Establish clear, direct connections in academic writing. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Notes on Coordinating Conjunctions • “For” is rarely used in contemporary English. • Use the serial/Oxford comma with “and” or “or” in a list. • Transitional words like however, therefore act as conjunctions when joining clauses. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Paired Conjunctions (Correlative Conjunctions) • Definition: Two linked words/phrases that work together. • Examples: • both…and → Time and money investment • not only…but also → Low grade and consequences • either…or → Students or assessment • neither…nor → No adherence or clarification sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Notes on Paired Conjunctions • Use plural verb with “both…and” • Both the students and the teachers were satisfied. • Avoid excessive wordiness – use for clarity and impact. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Subordinating Conjunctions Purpose: Join a dependent clause to an independent clause. Types & Examples: • Cause/Reason – because, since • Time – after, before, when • Condition – if, unless • Contrast – although, whereas • Comparison – as much as, than sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Sentence Structures with Subordinating Conjunction • Two structures: 1. Main clause + Subordinate clause • The teacher administered the test after giving instructions. 2. Subordinate clause + Main clause • Whether or not I complete the assignment, I will submit it. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
“That” in Noun Clauses • Used with verbs: reported, hypothesized, argued, claimed, maintained. • Examples: • That additional research was warranted. • That confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Writing and Grammar Suggestions • Practice sentence structure with conjunction exercises. • Understanding conjunctions strengthens logical sentence construction. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
Conclusion • FANBOYS connect equal elements. • Use paired conjunctions sparingly. • Subordinating conjunctions add complexity. • Use “that” for clarity in noun clauses. • Vary conjunctions for structure and readability. sales@pubrica.com +44 161 394 0786 +91 9884350006 pubrica.com • Copyright © 2025 pubrica
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