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Human Effects on Water Quality

Human Effects on Water Quality. Water Pollution COACH - 166 The adding of any substance to water that is harmful to living organisms and/or makes the water unfit to use. Two Main Types of Pollution POINT and NON-POINT. Point Source Pollution Power plants Illegal dumping

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Human Effects on Water Quality

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  1. HumanEffects onWaterQuality

  2. Water PollutionCOACH - 166The adding of any substance to water that is harmful to living organisms and/or makes the water unfit to use.

  3. Two Main Types of PollutionPOINT and NON-POINT Point Source Pollution • Power plants • Illegal dumping • Sewer discharge • Storm water • Motor oil disposal • Nutrients in water • Increases plant growth • less light Non-Point Source Pollution • Automobiles • Illegal dumping • Groundwater contamination • Acid rain • Run off from industries • *Nutrients in water-algae blooms • “decay” uses oxygen • less oxygen available for fish

  4. What is Point Source Pollution?PSP comes from a singleidentifiable site • Industries dumping discharge and waste directly into a river • Release of dishwater or sewage from homes into water system • Heated water (thermal pollution) from power plants released into water

  5. What is Non-Point Source Pollution? The largest source of water pollution in NORTH CAROLINA is Run-off NPSP comes from many places or a source difficult to identify. Non-point pollution is difficult to control “Run-off” from roads, household cleaners and industries “Run-off” Irrigation – Pesticides, Fertilizers Agriculture - Roads Suds - Chemicals Oil , Grease Toxic Materials Bacteria ,Nutrient s and Animal Wastes Contaminations

  6. Scientist use physical, chemical and biological indicators to determine the health of a water system.

  7. Temperature- all organisms have a certain range of temperature in which they can live. Humans – 98.6 Birds - 105oF, Dogs / Cats -101oF.

  8. Temperature affects the ability of water to hold Dissolved OxygenCold Water Holds MoreDissolved Oxygen • Cold water molecules move slowly, meaning there is space between the molecules for more oxygen to dissolve. • Hot water molecules move rapidly, meaning the space between the water molecules is less available for the oxygen molecules to dissolve into.(students to stand up and demonstrate)

  9. A Healthy Water SystemDissolved oxygen is oxygen dissolved in waterAquatic refers to “water” • Aquatic organisms obtain the oxygen they need from the water in which they live. • Organisms need a lot of dissolved oxygen in order to survive. If it’s low, they will die. • A healthy water system has • Moderate to cool temperatures • Organisms need high dissolved oxygen

  10. Not enough dissolved oxygen causes animals to die • According to the study, the number of marine dead zones—areas which are periodically or permanently starved of oxygen—has doubled every 10 years since the 1960s, with those along coastlines increasing in size and intensity. Currently there are about 400 coastal areas, with a combined area larger than the size of Oregon, with such poor water quality, with so little oxygen that only microbes can survive in it. Fish and crustaceans must flee the area or die.

  11. Cold Water Holds More Dissolved Oxygen • Reading a Graph • At 30 C the dissolved oxygen level is 15mg/L • At 5 C the dissolved oxygen level is _________

  12. pH measures the level of acidity in a substance The pH scale ranges from 1-14 Numbers less than 7 show an acidNumbers more than 7 show and alkali (base)The substance is neutral if it has a pH of 7

  13. pHof Normal Rain and Acid Rain • Water can become too acidic from acid rain • Water can become too basic from the growth of algae • The pH of normal rainwater is between 5.5 and 6.0 because of carbon dioxide that's dissolved in the atmosphere. This CO2 reacts with the H2O (water vapor) in the atmosphere for the following reaction. It is slightly acidic • Acid Rain - Acid precipitation in the range of 4.2 - 5.0 • If the pH of a water system becomes too high or too low then the life of the plants and animals are affected. Many will die!

  14. Testing for pH using Litmus PaperCabbage Juice is an indicator

  15. Below is a listing of some common items and their approximate pH values. Pure water ammonia Which of the following items would turn blue litmus paper red??Ammonia ?    Eggs ?    Tomatoes ?    Pure water tomatoes eggs Blue litmus turns red if it touches and acid. Redlitmus turns blue if it touches a base

  16. Indicator of pH - Cabbage Juice Seltzer water Tap water Ammonia Vinegar

  17. TurbidityShows howclearormuddy(clarity) the water is. Turbidity is high in this muddy water

  18. Turbidity An “Indicator” of Water Quality • A measurement of the amount of particles in the water • Caused by:silt, clay, wastewater discharge from industry and agriculture • If there are a lot of particles - light can not reach plants (decreases photosynthesis) and temperature rises • No light - plants die - no plants - no fish!!

  19. Turbidity – Neuse RiverClear  Muddy 

  20. Scientist use physical, chemical and biological indicators to determine the health of a water system.

  21. Nutrientsand Water Quality • Phosphorus and nitrogen are nutrients in fertilizers • They are carried into water systems as run-off from golf courses, lawns and farm fields • Animal and human wastes from damaged sewage systems can release nutrients into water systems

  22. Algae Blooms • Algaefeed off NITRATES and grow or produce rapidly • Algae blooms harm water systems • Causes high turbidity • Lowers DO • Algae die and decompose (bacteria) • Bacteria use oxygen to decompose algae • Decomposition removes oxygen from the water

  23. Algae increases–algae die– bacteria uses oxygen to decompose–dissolvedoxygendecreases–animals die

  24. Scientist use physical, chemical and biological indicators to determine the health of a water system.

  25. Indicators Determine the Health of Water Biological • Standards are based on types and kinds of aquatic species expected to be living in a healthy body of water. • Macroinvertebrates are organisms that determine the health of a water system

  26. Macroinvertebrate Communities found in:Clean Water Moderate Pollution Heavily Polluted

  27. TestingDrinkingWater

  28. Scientists Test Water • Levels of nitrates • Temperature • pH • Dissolved Oxygen • Hardness • Ammonia • Minerals present; • Iron – Magnesium • Copper, etc…

  29. Water Quality Topics http://www.gotalgae.com/water_quality_solutions.htm Internet – Water Quality Information – U-tube….

  30. Waste DisposalGroundwater Contamination

  31. Steps Required for Water Treatment 1st - Preliminary treatment - removes large or hard solids 2nd- Primary settling basins- organic matter settlesout or floats to the surface 3rd - Secondary treatment- removes the remaining dissolved matter through biological means 4th - Nutrient removal- removes excess nutrients from the wastewater Last - Disinfection - reduces the number of harmful microorganisms- Chlorination

  32. RegulatingWaterStandards • NCEPA - North Carolina Environmental Protection Agency • DEHNR -Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources - regulating agency for statewide standards • Clean Water Act regulated by the federal government • (DNR)State Department of Natural Resources • Water Protection Act

  33. Clean Water ActThe USEPA describes limits on the amounts of pollutants that are legally allowed to be present in water.These limits are called standards.They help protect and improve the quality of polluted water.

  34. Clean Water is in YourHandsHelp Save our Water! SAVE

  35. Economic Impact • Everyone needs to look at the “big picture” when making decisions that effect their industry or farm and the environment. • Agriculture and Industry support NC’s economy • Everyone needs to protect both the economic and environmental health of North Carolina • Some companies may be exempt from certain regulations if they can prove it would be detrimental (harmful) to adhere (abide) to them.

  36. What people in “North Carolina” do and what they can do to protect North Carolina’s water. • Use plowing techniques • Limit use of fertilizer • Use lagoons - prevents nutrients from … • Chemical Co - treat water properly • Limit use of pesticides • Sweep up debris and sand - save storm drains • Check wastewater pipes - don’t empty into lake, etc... • Keep cars in good working condition

  37. Question 1 Which of the following types of water contain the highest level of dissolved oxygen. a. Warm water b. Slow – moving, calm water c. Cold water d. Water with a high amount of nutrients

  38. Answer1 Which of the following types of water contain the highest level of dissolved oxygen. a. Warm water b. Slow – moving, calm water c. Cold water d. Water with a high amount of nutrients

  39. Question 2 What type of water does the “Clean Water Act” set water quality standards for? • a. Ocean waters • b. Surface waters • c. All U.S. water • d. Groundwaters

  40. Answer 2 What type of water does the “Clean Water Act” set water quality standards for? • a. Ocean waters • b. Surface waters • c. All U.S. water • d. Groundwaters

  41. Question 3 What kind of pollution could cause low pH in lake water? • A. Leakage from a septic system • B. Nutrient run-off • C. thermal pollution • D. Acid rain

  42. Answer 3 What kind of pollution could cause low pH in lake water? • A. Leakage from a septic system • B. Nutrient run-off • C. thermal pollution • D. Acid rain

  43. Question 4 Which example of non-point source Pollution would probably contain the highest level of nitrates? a. Run-off from roads b.Run-off from golf courses c.Trash dumped in oceans d. Silt from a construction site

  44. Answer 4 Which example of non-point source Pollution would probably contain the highest level of nitrates? a. Run-off from roads b. Run-off from golf courses c.Trash dumped in oceans d. Silt from a construction site

  45. Question 5 What happens to wastewater when it first enters a treatment plant? • It goes into a holding tank to allow particles to settle out. • It passes through a screen and separates large solids • It is treated with chlorine • It goes into a tank full of bacteria

  46. Answer 5 What happens to wastewater when it first enters a treatment plant/ • It goes into a holding tank to allow particles to settle out. • It passes through a screen and separates large solids • It is treated with chlorine • It goes into a tank full of bacteria

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