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Understanding the Human Musculoskeletal System: Bones and Muscles Explained

This resource explores the essential roles of the musculoskeletal system, highlighting how bones and muscles work together for movement and stability. It covers the three types of muscle tissue—skeletal, smooth, and cardiac—and the composition of muscles at the cellular level, including actin and myosin. We discuss the anatomy of bones, their connection to ligaments and tendons, and common disorders like tendonitis and osteoporosis. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how our bodies function and how to maintain healthy movement.

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Understanding the Human Musculoskeletal System: Bones and Muscles Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Aim: How does your body move? Do Now: Why does our body require bones to be present? Homework: Immune System Worksheet #2

  2. Muscle System • Makes up nearly half the weight of the human body. • Provide the forces necessary to move the human body.

  3. Three types of Muscle • Skeletal Muscle • About 650 skeletal muscles located within the body. • Voluntary Muscles. • Attach to bones through tendons. • Smooth Muscle • Makes up our organs • Arteries, stomach, bladder • Involuntary muscles • Cardiac Muscle • The heart • Involuntary

  4. What are muscles made up of? • Long fibers that contract and relax • Actin and myosin (Proteins) • Interacting actin and myosin are referred to as sarcomere • Nerves which carry the signals to the muscles. • Motor Neuron to Effectors (muscle) • Blood Vessels • Carry oxygen and nutrients to the muscle and remove waste (CO2)

  5. Connective tissue • Tendons • Connect muscles to bone • Ligaments • Connect bone to bone • Cartilage • Found between bones and add support and shock absorption

  6. Cartilage

  7. Ligaments

  8. Tendons

  9. Skeletal System • Provides support for the body. • Is a connecting point for ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. • Provide protection for our organs. • Both fused and individual bones • The human body is made up of 206 bones • As an infant you have 270 bones

  10. Bones • A rigid structure that provides support and protection for our body’s. • Bones are hard rigid tissue made up of minerals (calcium)

  11. Parts of the bone • The outer part of the bone is called the Periostem • Very dense and filled with nerves and blood vessels • The next layer is the compact bone layer • Smooth and very hard • The next layer is the cancellous layer • Sponge area of the bone also where bone marrow is located

  12. Key Concepts • Bones are connected to bone by what? • Ligaments • Muscles are connected to bone by? • Tendons • How many muscles are in the body? • 650 • What other body systems interact with the muscle and skeletal system?

  13. Disorders • Tendonitis • Inflammation or swelling of the tendon. • Causes pain and irritation and if not taken care of could cause weakness in the tendon and or break the tendon. • Most commonly occurs around the joints of the body.

  14. Disorders • Osteoporoses • The thinning of bone tissue and the lose of bone density • Occurs most often in females • Body no longer forms enough new bone • Can lead to bone pain, fractures, and lose of height.

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