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Operant Conditioning

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qamra
10 diapositives · 520 Views · May 20, 2012

Operant Conditioning. Operant. Classical. A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior.

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Operant Conditioning
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  1. Operant Conditioning

  2. Operant Classical • A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior. • A type of learning where a stimulus gains the power to cause a response because it predicts another stimulus that already produces the response Definition

  3. Watson and Pavlov B.F. Skinner • Little Albert was conditioned to fear white fury objects • Pavlov’s dog was conditioned to salivate at the ring of a bell • Skinner taught pigeons to play ping pong and put his daughter in a glass box. Leading psychologists

  4. Reinforcement- any consequence that INCREASES the future likelihood of a behavior • Punishment- Any consequence that DECREASES the future likelihood of a behavior • The key is that the LEARNER not the TEACHER decides. • Does yelling work for you? • How do you respond when a teacher or a coach yells at you? Basic Op. Conditioning Vocab

  5. Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement • Any thing that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a desirable event or state. • Examples? • Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the removal of an undesirable even t or state • Examples? Reinforcers

  6. Delayed Immediate • Smoking can shorten your life…. • If you don’t do well in school you will not get a good job and earn more money….. • Smoking will make your breath stink and turn your teeth yellow • If you get an A I will give you $50….. Timely reinforcers….

  7. Primary Secondary • Naturally rewarding…. • Ex. Food, warmth, water • Something we have learned to appreciate because it is paired with a primary reinforcer. • Ex. Money, Gold stars, stickers, grades Different types reinforcers

  8. Remember that punishment weakens a behavior. • You may follow an action with an undesirable event following the behavior. • a desirable state or event will end following the behavior. • What does this look like? How can your parents use a car to produce either of these? Is a negative reinforcer punishment?

  9. It does not end the desire to engage in the behavior • Can lead to fear, anxiety, and low self-esteem • Abusive parents tend to come from abusive households, but most abused children do not go on to become abusive parents. Problems with punishment?

  10. Shaping- Positively reinforce behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired target. • Teach a squirrel to ski • Discrimination- teach a subject to respond to specific stimulus. Do this by only reinforcing the correct response. • Extinction- The loss of a behavior when no consequence follows it. Reinforcement Procedures