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English for Tax Administration Study 3

Join us for Session 7 of English for Tax Administration Study 3, led by lecturer Miljen Matijašević. This session will focus on the forms of business organization in the United States. We will engage in vocabulary practice related to Unit 33, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the various structures that businesses may adopt. Sharpen your knowledge to enhance your skills in tax administration and business practices. Don't miss this important learning opportunity!

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English for Tax Administration Study 3

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  1. English for Tax Administration Study 3

    Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević e-mail: miljen.matijasevic@gmail.com G10, room 6, Tue 10:30-11:30 Session 7, 11 Dec 2012
  2. Today’s session Forms of Business Organisation in the US Vocabulary practice
  3. Unit 33 Forms of Business Organisation
  4. Forms of Business Organisation COMPANY LAW (UK) / CORPORATE LAW (US) deals with the creation and regulation of business entities a business entity - poslovni subjekt
  5. Forms of Business Organisation Three main types: sole proprietor (a.k.a. sole trader) partnership limited company What do you think the main differences are and what kinds of businesses are they suitable for?
  6. Sole Proprietorship The simplest and most common type of business organisation Owned by one person, who: has unlimited control over the business enjoys all the profits has unlimited liability for debts and losses
  7. Sole Proprietorship Suitable for businesses such as self-employed hairdressers, plumbers, retail shopkeepers, barristers, translators, etc. Think of the advantages and disadvantages of being a sole proprietor!
  8. Sole Proprietorship one person – owner and manager: independent decision-making keeps all the profits simple to set up few formalities unlimited liability for debt and losses risks increase if the business becomes very successful hard to raise substantial capital Advantages Disadvantages
  9. Partnership association of two more more persons (usually up to 20) subject to a partnership agreement common among accountants, solicitors, architects, etc. a simple partnership – not a legal person
  10. Partnership Agreement May regulate the following: duration of the partnership its name and business the manner of sharing profits, losses and costs capital contribution joining and leaving the partnership restrictions imposed on the partners etc.
  11. Partnership easier to raise capital then for a SP capable to raise and utilize more capital brings together people with different skills profits distributed limited freedom and decision-making power certain disadvantages in comparison with a limited company Advantages Disadvantages
  12. Limited Company / Corporation Limited company (UK) / Corporation (US) An artificial person created under law and empowered to achieve a specific purpose A legal entity (pravni subjekt) which can own property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued – an identity separate from its shareholders
  13. Limited Company / Corporation Some characteristics: perpetual life (perpetual succession) limited liability transferability of shares access to capital professional management
  14. Limited Company / Corporation usually starts out as a Private Limited Company (Ltd.) Needs to be registered – gets a registered number (reg.no.) and Certificate of Incorporation (UK) This is called: company registration (UK) or incorporation (US)
  15. Limited Company / Corporation Constitutional documents: Memorandum of association states the principal objects (purposes) of the company Articles of association (statut društva) sets out the relationship between the company and its shareholders limited liability issue of new shares
  16. Limited Company / Corporation A company has: shareholders a Board of Directors (managers of the company’s operations) creditors (those to whom the company owes money)
  17. Limited Company / Corporation if a private limited company needs to raise capital in order to expand its business, enter into a major project, it can decide to either: borrow money from an investment bank subject to payment of interest, whose rate depends on the risks involved raise capital by selling its shares on the stock market
  18. Limited Company / Corporation if a company issues shares and puts them on the stock market, we say that it is a publicly listed company and is referred to as a public limited company (plc) it issues a prospectus*, offering a public sale of its shares, listing them at a stock exchange** (e.g. FTSE – the London Stock Exchange) *javni poziv na kupnju dionica **burza dionica, vrijednosnih papira; stock market – tržište vrijednosnih papira
  19. Public Limited Company (plc) the company is run by the Board of Directors the Board is accountable to the shareholders, although the Board decides how to distribute profits they can decide to pay a dividend to the shareholders, or re-invest the profits into the business a dividend is a proportion of the profits paid to the shareholders
  20. Public Limited Company (plc) PLCs hold Annual General Meetings (AGM) where the performance of the company in the previous year is presented, as well as plans and strategies for the future an Annual Report is produced and submitted to the shareholders members of the Board of Directors may submit themselves for re-election by the shareholders
  21. Limited Company / Corporation limited liability, i.e. no personal liability of the shareholders perpetual life can sell shares, easier to raise capital ease of transfer more complicated and expensive to set up lots of formalities Advantages Disadvantages
  22. Key terms 1 sole proprietor/trader partnership limited company corporation legal entity unlimited liability partnership agreement transferability of shares perpetual life private limited company company registration registered number articles of association
  23. Key terms 2 public limited company listed company prospectus shareholder Board of Directors stock market stock exchange accountability AGM annual report dividend
  24. Vocabulary Practice
  25. liable – sue – manage – owe – proprietor register - own - invest – enter – legal A ________ person has rights and duties under the law just like a natural person. The board of directors ________ the affairs of the company and makes company policy. A company can ________ property, ________ into contracts and ________ other persons. A shareholder ________ money by buying shares in a company. A sole ________ owns a company and is personally ________ for its debts.
  26. liable – sue – manage – owe – proprietor register - own - invest – enter – legal A LEGAL person has rights and duties under the law just like a natural person. The board of directors MANAGES the affairs of the company and makes company policy. A company can OWN property, ENTER into contracts and SUE other persons. A shareholder INVESTS money by buying shares in a company. A sole PROPRIETOR owns a company and is personally LIABLE for its debts.
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