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REDD+ negotiations and key milestones from Cancun to Durban

REDD+ negotiations and key milestones from Cancun to Durban. Geneva, 9 May 2011 Clea Paz-Rivera, UN-REDD Secretariat. Contents. Brief history of Climate Policy, UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol From RED to REDD to REDD+ REDD+ under the Cancun agreements From Cancun to Durban Conclusions.

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REDD+ negotiations and key milestones from Cancun to Durban

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  1. REDD+ negotiations and key milestones from Cancun to Durban Geneva, 9 May 2011 Clea Paz-Rivera, UN-REDD Secretariat

  2. Contents • Brief history of Climate Policy, UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol • From RED to REDD to REDD+ • REDD+ under the Cancun agreements • From Cancun to Durban • Conclusions

  3. 1992: UNFCCC established 2005:COP11 Kyoto entered into force; REDD introduced 2007: COP13 Bali Roadmap 1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted 1995 1990 2000 2005 2010 2001: Marrakesh Accords signed 1988: IPCC established 2012: KP 1st commitment period ends 2008: KP 1st commitment period begins 1994: UNFCCC enter into force Climate Policy Timeline 2010: COP 16 Cancun Agreements 2007 2012

  4. UNFCCC objective • “Stabilize GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human-induced) interference with the climate system” • “Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”

  5. Kyoto Protocol and its mechanisms • Treaty under the Convention. Sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the EU (Annex 1 parties) for reducing GHG emissions • Emission reduction targets to be met through national measures & flexible mechanisms (ET, JI, CDM) • Some concerns: • Not all parties ratified • Targets were not ambitious enough • CDM had limitations (methodologies, scope, forest sector)

  6. Global GHG sources by sector Source, IPCC 2007

  7. Why REDD+ • Global deforestation: 13 million ha/yr for 2000-2010 (FAO 2010) • Emissions from deforestation since 1990s at 5.8 GtCO2/yr (IPCCC, WGI, AR4) • REDD: forest mitigation option with largest and most immediate C stock impact (IPCC WGIII, AR4) • 20% of the problem must become 20% of the solution • Area of convergence between industrialized countries and developing countries: win-win • Entry point to move into low carbon development strategies • REDD+ could provide multiple benefits beyond carbon, addressing poverty and biodiversity conservation

  8. REDD+ evolution under the UNFCCC COP 15/ Copenhagen 2009 COP 16/ Cancun 2010 COP 13/ Bali 2007 SBSTA/Montreal 2005 UNFCCC 2 Decisions: BAP & 2/CP. 13 (policy)/ Opening of AWGs LCA & KP Decision 4/CP.15 (methods) Decision 1/CP.16 (policy) Opening Agenda Item 5 RED REDD REDD+ REDD+

  9. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 Scope (a) Reducing emissions from deforestation; (b) Reducing emissions from forest degradation; (c) Conservation of forest carbon stocks; (d) Sustainable management of forest; (e) Enhancement of forest carbon stocks; Scale National with sub-national as an interim measure Phased approach • Developing strategies /action plans, policies and measures & capacity building • Implementation of strategies, policies and measures • Result-based actions fully measured, reported and verified

  10. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 Elements Elements • A national strategy or action plan • A national forest reference level or subnational reference levels as an interimmeasure • A robust and transparent monitoring system, subnationalas an interimmeasure • A system for providing information on how safeguards are being addressed

  11. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 Safeguards • Consistency with national forest programs, international conventions and agreements • Transparent governance structures • Respect for knowledge and rights of Indigenous Peoples and members of local communities • Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders • Conservation of natural forests and biological diversity • Address displacement of emissions • Address permanence

  12. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 from Cancun to Durban • By COP 17 LCA is requested to: • Explore financing options for the full implementation of REDD+ results-based actions • By COP 17, SBSTA is requested to: • Develop modalities relating to reference levels and forest monitoring systems • Develop guidance relating to safeguards • Develop modalities for MRV anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes resulting from the implementation of REDD + activities

  13. REDD+ in Decision 1/CP.16 cont.- SBSTA work programme By COP 18 SBSTA is requested to: • Identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation • Estimate emissions and removals resulting from these activities • Assess their potential contribution to the mitigation of climate change

  14. Conclusions • REDD+ progressed quickly in the negotiations • Big items still unclear: future of KP, legal form of the new agreement • Cancun agreements set the basis to implement and expand REDD+ readiness efforts • REDD+ and NAMAS?, financial mechanism? • Ambitious SBSTA and LCA agenda can be affected by delays in the political discussion • High expectations in REDD+ countries that need to be managed and addressed

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