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Nervous System

Nervous System. General functions: Sensory – receptors Integration & stores information as memory Response – motor – effectors. Classification. Central Nervous System – brain & spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System Afferent Somatic Visceral Efferent Somatic

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System • General functions: • Sensory – receptors • Integration & stores information as memory • Response – motor – effectors

  2. Classification • Central Nervous System – brain & spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Afferent • Somatic • Visceral • Efferent • Somatic • Visceral = Autonomic Nervous System

  3. Classification • Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic Nervous System for fight or flight response • Parasympathetic Nervous System for rest and relaxation response

  4. Key Points • Classify the Autonomic Nervous System • CNS or PNS • Afferent or Efferent • Sensory or Motor • Somatic or Visceral

  5. Neuron = Nerve Cell • Cell body • Ganglion • Nucleus • Cytoplasmic processes • Axon = Fiber • Fiber tracts in CNS • Nerve in PNS • Sensory, Motor, Mixed • Dendrite

  6. Synapse • Junction between adjacent neurons • [Telodendria – ends of axon] • Neurotransmitters – chemicals bridging the synapse

  7. Neuroglia = Nerve glue • Supportive cells to neurons • Ependymal cells – line the neurocoel and provide nutrients

  8. Neuroglial Cells • Oligodendroglia – produce myelin in CNS which is white and speeds up nerve impulse transmission

  9. Neuroglial Cells • Astrocytes – Maintain blood brain barrier

  10. Key Points • Parkinson’s Disease in humans is known to be caused by a decrease in dopamine (neurotransmitter) in the brain. Why not just inject patients with IV dopamine?

  11. Neuroglial Cells • Microglia – function as phagocytes

  12. Key Points • What is a phagocyte?

  13. Neuroglial Cells • Schwann Cells – Produce myelin in PNS

  14. Key Points • What is meant by white matter? • What is meant by gray matter?

  15. Development of Nervous System • Neurulation • Neural tube • Germinal layer – medial, with mitosis • Mantle layer – gray, cell bodies of neurons • Marginal layer – white – cytoplasmic processes without nuclei

  16. Development of Nervous System • Neuroblasts form neurons • Spongioblasts form neuroglia • Alar plate is dorsal gray matter (nuclei) • Basal plate is ventral gray matter

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