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Organic Chemistry (Chapter 2.3, 2.4)

Organic Chemistry (Chapter 2.3, 2.4). Please set up your notebook for Cornell Notes. Compounds that contain carbon are organic Carbons can link together to form large molecules called macromolecules. 4 macromolecules important in biology Carbohydrates

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Organic Chemistry (Chapter 2.3, 2.4)

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  1. Organic Chemistry (Chapter 2.3, 2.4) Please set up your notebook for Cornell Notes

  2. Compounds that contain carbon are organic • Carbons can link together to form large molecules called macromolecules

  3. 4 macromolecules important in biology • Carbohydrates • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio • C6H12O6 Glucose • Used for energy storage or for structural purposes • Sugars  end in –ose, also call saccharides • Monosaccharide  single sugar molecule • Galactose, Fructose • Polysaccharides  many monosaccharides linked together • Glycogen, cellulose

  4. Lipids  fats, oils, and waxes • Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Not water soluble • Used to store energy, in membranes and waterproof coverings, steroids • Saturated fatty acid  no double bonds b/w carbons, tend to be solid at room temp • Butter, lard • Unsaturated fatty acid  contains at least one double bond b/w carbons, tend to be liquid at room temperature • Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil

  5. Nucleic acids • Contain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and phosphorus • Made up of units called nucleotides • Two types • Deoxyribonucleic acid  DNA • Ribonucleic acid  RNA • Contain genetic material

  6. Proteins • Contain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen • Made up of subunits called amino acids • Each protein has a specific shape and function depending on the arrangement of the amino acids

  7. Enzyme  type of protein that acts as a catalyst • A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions without being used up or changed • The substances (reactants) an enzyme works on are called substrates • The substrate binds to the enzyme at a spot called the active site • They remain bound together until the reaction is over • They unbind and the enzyme is free to bind to another substrate • Enzymes have optimal temperatures • Most enzymes work best at 37 C (body temp) • Cells turn enzymes off and on depending on when they are needed

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