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Sociocultural LoA Q2 Discuss 2 errors in attributions

Section B. Sociocultural LoA Q2 Discuss 2 errors in attributions. Introduction. Definitions, examples, thesis Attributions- inferred causes of behavior Fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977)-Behavior of others -internal, ignores external

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Sociocultural LoA Q2 Discuss 2 errors in attributions

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  1. Section B Sociocultural LoAQ2Discuss 2 errors in attributions

  2. Introduction • Definitions, examples, thesis • Attributions- inferred causes of behavior • Fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977)-Behavior of others -internal, ignores external • Self- serving bias-Own behavior-success-internal, failure-external • Self- effacing bias • Blaming the victim • Actor-observer discrepancy • Two of the most common attribution errors are the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias

  3. 3 body paragraphs • FAE- Ross (1977) • Evidence Jones & Harris (1967) • SSB- • Evidence Lau & Russell (1980) or Johnson (1964) • Limitations- not consistent across cultures • Self-effacing Bias in some collectivist cultures

  4. Evidence of FAEJones & Harris, 1967 • Tendency to exaggerate the importance of dispositions and minimize situational • if behavior is determined by personality, easier to predict future behavior • We are cognitive misers- we don’t spend more effort than necessary and often take mental shortcuts • Evidence: Jones & Harris, 1967 • American participants given essays either for or against the Castro government • Choice condition and No-choice condition (assigned the writing) • FAE made when people assumed dispositional attribution in the no choice condition • Nothing could be concluded about the authors attitude in the no-choice condition.

  5. Self-Serving Bias (Bradley, 1978) • Tendency to attribute successful behavior to dispositional causes, but unsuccessful behavior to situational ones • Maintains self-esteem (Miller, 1978) • Self-enhancement, self-protection • Evidence • Johnson (1964)-students as teachers • Lau and Russell (1980)-athletes and coaches attributed wins to internal factors, losses to external

  6. Evaluation • Limitations- cross-cultural variations • Miller (1984)- FAE: asked Indian Hindus and Americans; describe a person committing a good or bad act • Americans (Dispostion-40%, Situation-18%) • Indian Hindus (Situation/social role-40%, Dispostion-18%) • Kashima & Triandis (1986 )Self-effacing bias in collectivist cultures, especially Japan • Studies lack ecological validity

  7. Conclusion • Summarize • Re-state thesis

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