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Understanding Human Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene Epoch

Explore the growth and control of the human population, considering factors like birth rates, life expectancy, and migration. Learn how demographic transitions impact global population trends. Discover the potential future scenarios and strategies for achieving zero population growth on Earth.

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Understanding Human Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene Epoch

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 3: Human Population

  2. The Anthropocene Epoch • Is named for the alterations to the Earth’s crust as a result of human activity • Industrial Revolution • Atomic Age

  3. World Population • Is 7.1 billion people • Has increased exponentially over the past 10,000 years • Has stopped growing as quickly • May start decreasing by 2100

  4. Human Carrying Capacity of the Earth • Is estimated between 4 and 16 billion • Depends on how we use resources • Depends on how quickly the population grows

  5. Age Structure • Expresses how a population is divided among age groups • Can show how a population is and will be affected by birth rates and life expectancy

  6. Demographic Transition • Is a change in birth and death rates over time • Occurs as nations industrialize • Overall leads to a decline in population growth

  7. Demographic Transition • Stage 1 • Birth and death rates are high • Population is stable

  8. Demographic Transition • Stage 2 • Death rates drop due to improvements in medical care and sanitation • Birth rates remain high • Population grows

  9. Demographic Transition • Stage 3 • Birth rates drop due to increased education and better employment • Population growth rate slows

  10. Demographic Transition • Stage 4 • Birth and death rates remain low due to economic stability • Population stays stable

  11. Demographic Transition • Stage 5 • Birth rates drop below death rates • Population declines

  12. Life Expectancy Affects Population Growth • Longer-lived individuals delay having children • Can result in fewer children per couple • Increased numbers of older individuals can become a burden on younger members of a population

  13. Disease Affects Population Growth • Epidemics like influenza can increase the death rate • Diseases like AIDS can decrease life expectancy

  14. Birth Rates Affect Population Growth • Total Fertility Rate (TFR) • Estimated number of children each woman in a population will have • If this number drops below the number of children needed to replace their parents, the population will shrink

  15. Birth Rates Affect Population Growth • Replacement-Level Fertility • # of births required to offset deaths • Must take into account pre-reproductive mortality • Individuals who die before reproducing • In developed nations, it is 2.1 • In developing nations, it is higher

  16. Migration Affects Population Growth • Only occurs between countries, not the planet • A positive migration indicates a country’s population is growing • More people are entering the country than leaving it

  17. Achieving Zero Population Growth • Depends on controlling birth rates • Education (sex education and general education) • Access to birth control • Delaying age of first childbearing

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