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The Adult in Society

The Adult in Society. Chapter 7. Adult Male Development. Daniel Levinson, Yale Extensive study of adult males through interviews, determining each man’s life structure: the combination of statuses, roles, values, goals, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize an individual

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The Adult in Society

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  1. The Adult in Society Chapter 7

  2. Adult Male Development Daniel Levinson, Yale Extensive study of adult males through interviews, determining each man’s life structure: the combination of statuses, roles, values, goals, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize an individual Three basic eras of adulthood: early adulthood, middle, and late adulthood Each era begins with a transitional period

  3. Early Adulthood 17-22 early adult transition, most important task is leaving home, physically and psychologically 23-27 entering the adult world, individual is expected to explore a variety of relationships and career opportunities, ALSO expected to become a responsible member of society Development of an adult dream of accomplishment, career goals

  4. 28-32 Age 30 transition, examine choices made to this point, crucial to future development because it is often characterized by shifts in direction Divorces common Bad choices can have far reaching consequences These are called the NOVICE PHASES 33-39 Settling down period, form true commitments, toward end make conscious effort to establish own identity separate from mentor (Becoming One’s Own Man, Levinson).

  5. Middle & Late Adulthood 40-44 Midlife transition, marked by self-examination, early dreams not fulfilled, reformulate along more realistic lines, period of moderate to severe crisis for 80%, become a mentor 45-49 middle adulthood 50-54 Age 50 Transition 55-59 culmination of middle adulthood 60-64 late adult transition 65+ late adulthood

  6. Adult Female Development Frieze & Sales research, female development is different Phase I: Leaving the family: psychological break, less career, historically marriage Phase II: Entering the Adult world, multiple roles as spouse, parent, career put on added strain. Stay out of workplace while children are young, re-entry problems Phase III: Entering the Adult world again

  7. The World of Work The Labor force- all individuals 16 or older who are employed in paid positions or are looking for work. Composition: 1970 38% women, 2000 47% women, about half of professional jobs (a high status occupation that requires specialized skills obtained through formal education) Rise minority workers as percentage of total labor force, US largest growing sector is Hispanics Rise in average education level, 1/3 college degree

  8. Unemployment, full employment is considered 95% Occupations: types of jobs Executive, administrative, managerial Professional specialty Technical occupations Sales workers Administrative support Service occupations Precision production, craft, repair workers Operators, fabricators, laborers Farming, forestry, fishing Transportation and material moving

  9. Changing nature of work in America 1900 35% farming 2000 2.6 % farming, fishing and forestry combined Today, 73% labor force in professional, office, sales and service jobs

  10. Job Satisfaction Gold watch vs. job changing Average American holds 9 jobs between the ages of 18 and 34 Change careers from 5-6 times in a lifetime

  11. The Later Years Improved health care changes longevity By 2030, 20% of population will be 65 and older Gerontology is the study of the processes and phenomena of aging Social gerontology is the study of the nonphysical aspects of the aging process Young old—65-74 Middle old 75-84 Old-old 85+

  12. Adjustment to retirement, no longer define one self by occupation Economic situation key factor in determining satisfaction Linked to larger social world, maintaining social networks contributes to quality of life, volunteering can replace lost identity Suicide rate highest for white males as identity is more tightly tied to work Questions of engagement v disengagement

  13. Physical and mental functioning Most slow down as age but most elderly people retain intellectual abilities throughout life Alzheimer’s disease, an organic condition that results in progressive deterioration of brain cells, 8-15% of population

  14. Dealing with dependency and death New opportunities Lobbying groups- Gray Panthers or American Association of Retired Persons Part time jobs, volunteering, Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE), Foster grandparent programs

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