1 / 16

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes. Alkanes with Substituents. Isomers of Butane. Isomers have the same molecular formula. have different atom arrangements. of butane (C 4 H 10 ) are a straight chain and a branched chain. Alkyl groups. Alkyl groups are

quinn-hicks
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes Alkanes with Substituents

  2. Isomers of Butane Isomers • have the same molecular formula. • have different atom arrangements. • of butane (C4H10) are a straight chain and a branched chain.

  3. Alkyl groups Alkyl groups are • alkanes that are missing one H. • substituents attached to carbon chains. • named with a –yl ending. H H C CH3 methyl H H H H C C CH3 CH2 ethyl H H

  4. Naming Substituents In the IUPAC system, • a carbon branch is named as an alkyl group. • halogen atoms are named as halo. TABLE 10.6

  5. Alkanes with Substituents CH3 CH3 CH CH3 methylpropane methyl groups CH3 CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3 2,4-dimethylpentane

  6. Naming Alkanes Give the name of CH3 CH3   CH3─CH─CH─CH3 STEP 1 Name the longest continuous chain. CH3 CH3   CH3─CH─CH─CH3 butane

  7. Naming Alkanes Give the name of CH3 CH3   CH3─CH─CH─CH3 STEP 2 Number chain.CH3 CH3   CH3─CH─CH─CH3 1 2 3 4 STEP 3 Locate substituents and name. 2,3-dimethylbutane

  8. Learning Check Write the name of ClCH3   CH3─CH2─CH─CH─CH3

  9. Solution STEP 1 Longest chain is pentane. STEP 2 Number chain from end nearest substituent. ClCH3   CH3─CH2─CH─CH─CH3 5 4 3 2 1 STEP 3 Locate substituents and name alphabetically. 3-chloro-2-methylpentane

  10. Learning Check Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: A. CH3CH3 | | CH3─CH─CH2 ─CH─CH3 B. ClCH3 || CH3─CH2─CH─CH2─C─CH2─CH3 | Cl

  11. Solution A. CH3CH3 | | CH3─CH─CH2 ─CH─CH3 2,4-dimethylpentane 1 2 3 4 5 B. ClCH3 more substituents = C3 || CH3─CH2─CH─CH2─C─CH2─CH3 | Cl 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3,5-dichloro-3-methylheptane

  12. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for 2-bromo-4-chlorobutane.

  13. Solution 2-bromo-4-chlorobutane STEP 1Longest chain has 4 carbon atoms. C─C─C─C STEP 2 Number chain and add substituents. Br  C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ Cl 1 2 3 4 STEP 3 Add hydrogen to complete 4 bonds to each C. Br  CH3─CH─CH2─CH2─Cl

  14. Naming Cycloalkanes with Substituents The name of a substituent is placed in front of the cycloalkane name. methylcyclobutane CH3 chlorocyclopentane Cl

  15. Learning Check Name each of the following. 1. CH3 CH2─CH3 2.

  16. Solution Name each of the following. 1. methylcyclopropane 2. ethylcyclohexane

More Related