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Nick Hawkins ,Stephanie Zuckerman, Kelly Montross, Hope England, Kevin Ung, and Kyle Tharp

Hallucinogenic Chemicals found in Nature and How they can affect our interaction with our environment. Nick Hawkins ,Stephanie Zuckerman, Kelly Montross, Hope England, Kevin Ung, and Kyle Tharp. What are Hallucinogens ?. The term "hallucinogen" describes any drug that alters a person ’ s

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Nick Hawkins ,Stephanie Zuckerman, Kelly Montross, Hope England, Kevin Ung, and Kyle Tharp

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  1. Hallucinogenic Chemicals found in Nature and How they can affect our interaction with our environment. Nick Hawkins ,Stephanie Zuckerman, Kelly Montross, Hope England, Kevin Ung, and Kyle Tharp

  2. WhatareHallucinogens? The term "hallucinogen" describes any drug that alters a person’s mental status by distorting their perception of reality. Hallucinogens are among the oldest mind altering substances and have been used throughout the ages to alter mood and perception.

  3. Basic Effects on the Body and Mind Can produce physiological effects including elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, and dilated pupils. Users often report seeing images, hearing sounds, and feeling sensations that seem real, but do not exist

  4. Found In Nature as… Peyote Cactus Mushrooms or “Shrooms” Ergot Fungus (Contains LSD) Psychadelic Toad (Secretes Chemical Bufotenin)

  5. Chemicals… LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Chemical is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. Effects of LSD are unpredictable. They depend on the amount that is taken. Possible effects could be dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors LSD “blotter” Paper

  6. More Chemicals… PCP (Phencyclidine) Developed in the 1950s and used to be used as an anesthetic. It was discontinued because patients became agitated, delusional, and irrational while recovering from its anesthetic effects. • High doses of PCP can cause convulsions, • coma, hyperthermia, and death.

  7. More Chemicals… Psilocin (from Psilocybin Mushrooms) Is an alkaloid found in psychadelic mushrooms. First discovered in 1959, from the mushrooms Mimics serotonin to activate certain receptors in brain Relatively short half life, lasting around 2-3 hours

  8. Even More Chemicals… Mescaline(trimethoxyphenethylamine) Chemical found in several species of cactus, Including Peyote, San Pedro, and Peruvian Torch Cacti. Binds to Serotonin receptors in the brain The effective dosage (in humans) is 300-500 mg of pure mescaline, with effects lasting for up to 12 hours. Hallucinations occur at 300-600 mg, which is the equivalent to approximately 20 cactus “buttons”. Still used in Native American religious ceremonies

  9. Development…

  10. Tolerance • High degree of tolerance quickly developed • Increasingly larger doses needed • Using one can produce a tolerance for other similar drugs • Tolerance only happens with frequent use, decreases after drug use is stopped • No physical withdrawal symptoms

  11. Long-term Effects • Persistent Psychosis • Long term frequent use may lead to personality or mood changes, also may affect memory • Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) commonly known as “Flashbacks” • Can be brought on by other drugs, fatigue, stress, or exercise

  12. Evolution • Terence McKenna • “that the psychedelic experience triggered sentience in foraging, omnivorous apes and led them, in the evolutionary wink of an eye, to put rockets on the moon” • “No perception without hallucination” • Used by nomads traveling the Bering Straight • Ancient mushroom paintings by Paleolithic people • Given to patients by Shamans

  13. History • Researched and created in Europe in the 1930s • Naturally used in many cultural rituals Researched and created in Europe in the 1930s • Naturally used in many cultural rituals • Looked at as possible therapeutic medicine • Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert • Usage high in the 1960s-1970s • Part of the “hippie” culture • Declined in the 1980s • Cocaine became the drug of choice • Used again in the early 1990s

  14. Legality? Nope. Sorry kids, all of the aforementioned drugs are Class I or Class II Scheduled drugs in the USA, so they are illegal to use or possess.

  15. It can happen anywhere… Last fall, two UT students were arrested in Melrose Hall for trying to manufacture DMT, a rare hallucinogenic substance. UTPD had to call in the state’s “meth task force” to clean up the affected dorm rooms.

  16. Sources: • “Drug and Alcohol Information- Hallucinogens” Eget Going Resource Center February 28,2007 http://www.egetgoing.com/drug_rehab/hallucinogens.asp • “What are Hallucinogens” Drug Addiction. February 27, 2008 http://www.drug-addiction.com/hallucinogens.htm • Shaekley, Alex. “A Psychadelic Trip Up The Ladder of Evolution” July 11,1993 http://deoxy.org/t_ladder.htm • Hunt, Dana “Rise in Hallucinogen Use” October 1997 http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/166607.html • “Persistent Psychosis” Addiction Resource Guide. October 24, 2007 http://www.drugfree.org/Intervention/Glossary/Persistent_Psychosi • “Hallucinogens(LSD) What are the effects?” My Dr. Health, October 8th, 2007 http://www.mydr.com.au/default.asp?article=2989 • Pellerin, Sheryl “Trips: How Hallucinogens Work in Your Brain” October 1998 http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy/trips_how.html

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