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MO’s for Cyclobutadiene

MO’s for Cyclobutadiene. =>. Energy Diagram for Cyclobutadiene. Following Hund’s rule, two electrons are in separate orbitals. This diradical would be very reactive. =>. =>. Polygon Rule.

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MO’s for Cyclobutadiene

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  1. MO’s for Cyclobutadiene =>

  2. Energy Diagram forCyclobutadiene Following Hund’s rule, two electrons are in separate orbitals. This diradical would be very reactive. =>

  3. => Polygon Rule The energy diagram for an annulene has the same shape as the cyclic compound with one vertex at the bottom.

  4. Aromatic Requirements Structure must be cyclic with conjugated pi bonds. Each atom in the ring must have an unhybridized p orbital. The p orbitals must overlap continuously around the ring. (Usually planar structure) Compound is more stable than its open-chain counterpart. =>

  5. Anti- and Nonaromatic Antiaromatic compounds are cyclic, conjugated, with overlapping p orbitals around the ring, but the energy of the compound is greater than its open-chain counterpart. Nonaromatic compounds do not have a continuous ring of overlapping p orbitals and may be nonplanar. =>

  6. Hückel’s Rule If the compound has a continuous ring of overlapping p orbitals and has 4N + 2 electrons, it is aromatic. If the compound has a continuous ring of overlapping p orbitals and has 4N electrons, it is antiaromatic. =>

  7. [N]Annulenes [4]Annulene is antiaromatic (4N e-’s) [8]Annulene would be antiaromatic, but it’s not planar, so it’s nonaromatic. [10]Annulene is aromatic except for the isomers that are not planar. Larger 4N annulenes are not antiaromatic because they are flexible enough to become nonplanar. =>

  8. => MO Derivation of Hückel’s Rule Lowest energy MO has 2 electrons. Each filled shell has 4 electrons.

  9. Cyclopentadienyl Ions The cation has an empty p orbital, 4 electrons, so antiaromatic. The anion has a nonbonding pair of electrons in a p orbital, 6 e-’s, aromatic. =>

  10. Acidity of Cyclopentadiene pKa of cyclopentadiene is 16, much more acidic than other hydrocarbons. =>

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