Network Guide to Networks 5th Edition

1. Network+ Guide to Networks5th Edition Chapter 1 An Introduction to Networking Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. Additionally, the size of a network may be small or large. Network communication media includes copper wires, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, infrared, or satellite links. This chapter introduces the student to the fundamental characteristics of networks.Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. Additionally, the size of a network may be small or large. Network communication media includes copper wires, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, infrared, or satellite links. This chapter introduces the student to the fundamental characteristics of networks.

2. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 2 Objectives List the advantages of networked computing relative to standalone computing Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networks List elements common to all client/server networks

3. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 3 Objectives (cont’d.) Describe several specific uses for a network Identify some of the certifications available to networking professionals Identify the kinds of skills and specializations that will help you excel as a networking professional

4. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 4 Why Use Networks? Network Group of computers and devices Connected by transmission media Stand-alone computer Not connected to other computers Uses local software and data Advantages of networks over standalone computers Device sharing by multiple users Saves money and time Central network management Define a network. Define a stand-alone computer. Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand-alone computers.Define a network. Define a stand-alone computer. Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand-alone computers.

5. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 5 Types of Networks Models vary according to: Computer roles Control levels over shared resources Communication and resource sharing schemes Network models Peer-to-Peer Client/server Explain the general factors differentiating network models. Introduce the peer-to-peer and client/server network models.Explain the general factors differentiating network models. Introduce the peer-to-peer and client/server network models.

6. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 6 Peer-to-Peer Networks Direct computer communication Equal authority Individual resource sharing May share resources May prevent access to resources Traditional model Two or more general purpose computers Capable of sending and receiving information to and from every other computer Discuss the characteristics of a peer-to-peer network. Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer-to-peer network. Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer-to-peer network.   Discuss the characteristics of a peer-to-peer network. Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer-to-peer network. Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer-to-peer network.  

7. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 7 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.)

8. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 8 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.) Advantages Simple configuration Less expensive Compared to other network models Disadvantages Not flexible Not necessarily secure Not practical for large installations Describe the advantages of peer-to-peer networks. Describe the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks. Explain how resources are shared on a peer-to-peer network.Describe the advantages of peer-to-peer networks. Describe the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks. Explain how resources are shared on a peer-to-peer network.

9. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 9 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.) Resource sharing method Modify file sharing controls A user responsibility Not centrally controlled Potential variations and security issues Environments Small home or office Large networks using the Internet Gnutella, Freenet, original Napster BitTorrent software Be sure to emphasize that modifying file-sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that are not uniform or secure.Be sure to emphasize that modifying file-sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that are not uniform or secure.

10. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 10 Client/Server Networks Central computer (server) Facilitates communication and resource sharing Clients (other computers) Personal computers Known as workstations Central resource sharing controlled by server Data sharing, data storage space, devices No direct sharing of client resources Introduce the client/server model. Define a server emphasizing its client/server role. Define a client. Be sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network and the term client/server architecture.Introduce the client/server model. Define a server emphasizing its client/server role. Define a client. Be sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network and the term client/server architecture.

11. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 11 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Computer roles Server Clients Run local applications Store data locally Use server shared applications, data, devices Use server as intermediary Communication Switches or routers Explain the two roles a computer may assume in a client/server network. Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur. Describe how clients and servers communicate.  Explain the two roles a computer may assume in a client/server network. Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur. Describe how clients and servers communicate.  

12. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 12 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)

13. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 13 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Server requirement Network operating system Manages client data, resources Ensures authorized user access Controls user file access Restricts user network access Dictates computer communication rules Supplies application to clients Server examples UNIX, Linux, Microsoft Server 2003 and 2008, MAC OS X Server Describe a server’s operating system requirement. Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems.  Describe a server’s operating system requirement. Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems.  

14. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 14 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Server features relative to clients More memory, processing, storage capacity Equipped with special hardware Provides network management functions Disadvantages relative to peer-to-peer networks Complex in design and maintenance Explain the features of servers relative to clients. Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network. Explain the features of servers relative to clients. Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.

15. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 15 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Advantages relative to peer-to-peer networks User credential assigned from one place Multiple shared resource access centrally controlled Central problem monitoring, diagnostics, correction capabilities User response time optimization capabilities Efficient processing on large networks Scalability Popular in medium- and large-scale organizations Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network. Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.

16. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 16 LANs, MANs, and WANs LAN (local area network) Network confined to a relatively small space 1980s LANs became popular as peer-to-peer based Today Larger and more complex client/server network MAN (metropolitan area network) Network extends beyond building boundaries Larger than LAN Connects clients and servers from multiple buildings Define and describe a LAN. Define and describe a MAN.Define and describe a LAN. Define and describe a MAN.

17. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 17 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.)

18. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 18 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.) WAN (wide area network) Connects two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs Comparison to LANs Use slightly different transmission methods and media Use greater variety of technologies Network connection Separate offices in same organization Separate offices in different organizations Define and describe a WAN. Define and describe a WAN.

19. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 19 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.) Be sure to mention that most MANs can also be described as WANsBe sure to mention that most MANs can also be described as WANs

20. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 20 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks Client Network computer requesting resources or services from another network computer Client workstation human user Client software installed on workstation Server Network computer managing shared resources Runs network operating system Workstation Personal computer May or may not be connected to network Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Client Server WorkstationDescribe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Client Server Workstation

21. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 21 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) NIC (network interface card) Device inside computer Connects computer to network media Allows communication with other computers NOS (network operating system) Server software Enables server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. NIC (network interface card) NOS (network operating systemDescribe the basic elements common to client/server networks. NIC (network interface card) NOS (network operating system

22. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 22 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)

23. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 23 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Host Computer Enables network resource sharing by other computers Node Client, server, or other device Communicates over a network Identified by unique number (network address) Connectivity device Allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Host Node Connectivity device Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Host Node Connectivity device

24. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 24 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Segment Group of nodes Use same communications channel for traffic Backbone Connects segments and significant shared devices “A network of networks” Topology Computer network physical layout Ring, bus, star or hybrid formation Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Segment Backbone Topology Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Segment Backbone Topology

25. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 25 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)

26. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 26 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)

27. Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Protocol Standard method or format for communication between networked devices Data packets Distinct data units exchanged between nodes Addressing Scheme for assigning unique identifying number to every node Transmission media Means through which data is transmitted and received Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 27 Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Protocol Data packets Transmission Addressing scheme Transmission media Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. Protocol Data packets Transmission Addressing scheme Transmission media

28. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 28 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)

29. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 29 Quick Quiz True or False: Before networks, transferring data via floppy disks was the only possible way to share data. True or False: A client/server network is the simplest network model. True or False: A common way to share resources on a client/server network is by modifying the file-sharing controls via the computer’s operating system. True False FalseTrue False False

30. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 30 Quick Quiz (cont) 4. A network that is larger than a LAN and connects clients and servers from multiple buildings is known as a(n) ____. 5. Which term identifies a computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network? Subnode Host Node NIC MAN BMAN B

31. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 31 How Networks Are Used Network services Functions provided by a network Most visible E-mail Other vital services Printer sharing, file sharing, Internet access and Web site delivery, remote access capabilities, the provision of voice (telephone) and video services, network management Define network services. Identify and discuss the most visible network service - E-mail. Mention other vital services.Define network services. Identify and discuss the most visible network service - E-mail. Mention other vital services.

32. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 32 File and Print Services File services Capability of server to share data files, applications and disk storage space File server Provides file services File services provide foundation of networking Print services Share printers across network Saves time and money Define file services. Define a file server. Discuss why file services are the foundation of networking today. Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides. Define file services. Define a file server. Discuss why file services are the foundation of networking today. Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides.

33. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 33 Access Services Allow remote user network connection Allow network users to connect to machines outside the network Remote user Computer user on different network or in different geographical location from LAN’s server Network operating systems include built-in access services Describe the two functions of access services. Define a remote user.  Explain how network operating systems implement access services. Describe the two functions of access services. Define a remote user.  Explain how network operating systems implement access services.

34. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 34 Access Services (cont’d.) Provide LAN connectivity when WAN connection is not cost-effective External staff used to diagnose problems Allow external users to use network resources and devices Same as if logged on to office workstation Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented by organizations.   Emphasize how remote access servers allow external users to use network resources and devices just as if they were logged on to a workstation in the office. Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented by organizations.   Emphasize how remote access servers allow external users to use network resources and devices just as if they were logged on to a workstation in the office.

35. Communications Services Convergence Phenomenon of offering multiple types of communications services on the same network Unified communications Multiple network-based communications centralized management E-mail Oldest and most frequently used Mail server Computer responsible for mail services Coordinates storage and transfer of e-mail Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 35 Define convergence. Define unified communications. Identify and explain the oldest and still most frequently used network communications services.Define convergence. Define unified communications. Identify and explain the oldest and still most frequently used network communications services.

36. Communications Services (cont’d.) Additional tasks of mail servers Intercept spam Handle objectionable content Route messages according to rules Provide Web-based client Notify administrators or users if certain events occur Schedule e-mail transmission, retrieval, storage, maintenance functions Communicate with mail servers on other networks Mail server runs specialized mail server software Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 36 Describe the additional tasks mail servers handle. Describe and identity additional software mail servers need to run.Describe the additional tasks mail servers handle. Describe and identity additional software mail servers need to run.

37. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 37 Internet Services Supplying Web pages Servers work together to bring Web pages to user’s desktop Web server Computer installed with appropriate software to supply Web pages to many different clients upon demand Other Internet services File transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, means for directly logging on to other Internet computers Describe the Web service function. Define a Web server. Mention other Internet services.Describe the Web service function. Define a Web server. Mention other Internet services.

38. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 38 Management Services Small network management Single network administrator Network operating system’s internal functions Today’s larger network management Centrally administered network management tasks Define and describe network management services.Define and describe network management services.

39. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 39 Management Services (cont’d.) Other important services Traffic monitoring and control Load balancing Hardware diagnosis and failure alert Asset management License tracking Security auditing Address management Backup and restoration of data Explain other important network management services. Traffic monitoring and control Load balancing Hardware diagnosis and failure alert Asset management License tracking Security auditing Address management Backup and restoration of dataExplain other important network management services. Traffic monitoring and control Load balancing Hardware diagnosis and failure alert Asset management License tracking Security auditing Address management Backup and restoration of data

40. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 40 Becoming a Networking Professional Job market Many job postings for computer professionals Expertise levels required vary To prepare for entering job market Master general networking technologies Select areas of interest Study those specialties Hone communication and teamwork skills Stay abreast of emerging technologies Describe the general atmosphere regarding networking jobs. Explain the general steps to enter the networking job market successfully. Demonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords on http://www.monster.com to illustrate the vast number of networking positions available.Describe the general atmosphere regarding networking jobs. Explain the general steps to enter the networking job market successfully. Demonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords on http://www.monster.com to illustrate the vast number of networking positions available.

41. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 41 Mastering the Technical Challenges Networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking Obtain skill sets desired Positions in high demand Consider a general knowledge of all Specialize in a few Determine appropriate personal learning methods Obtain hands-on experience Review the skill sets desired for networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking. Describe the networking specialties currently in high demand. Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance of determine personal learning preferences. Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands-on experience when it comes to improving networking hardware and software skills. Skills USAReview the skill sets desired for networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking. Describe the networking specialties currently in high demand. Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance of determine personal learning preferences. Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands-on experience when it comes to improving networking hardware and software skills. Skills USA

42. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 42 Developing Your “Soft Skills” Soft skills Not easily measurable Important to networking projects Customer relations Oral and written communications Dependability Teamwork Leadership abilities Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous in networking projects.Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous in networking projects.

43. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 43 Pursuing Certification Certification process Master material Pertaining to particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, software application Proving mastery Pass exams Professional organizations CompTIA Vendors Microsoft , Cisco Define the certification process. Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications. Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications.Define the certification process. Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications. Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications.

44. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 44 Pursuing Certification (cont’d.) Benefits Better salary Greater opportunities Professional respect Access to better support Drawback Number of people obtaining and pursuing them Discuss the benefits of network certification. Describe the drawback of certifications. Discuss the benefits of network certification. Describe the drawback of certifications.

45. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 45 Finding a Job in Networking Job research methods Search the Web Read the newspaper Visit a career center Network Attend career fairs Enlist a recruiter Describe the various resources and methods a student can use to find a job in networking: Search the Web Read the newspaper Visit a career center Network Attend career fairs Enlist a recruiterDescribe the various resources and methods a student can use to find a job in networking: Search the Web Read the newspaper Visit a career center Network Attend career fairs Enlist a recruiter

46. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 46 Joining Professional Associations Provide varying benefits Connect with people having similar interests New learning opportunities Specialized information access Tangible assets (free goods) Publications Technical workshops and conferences Free software, prerelease software Expensive hardware lab access Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations.Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations.

47. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 47 Joining Professional Associations (cont’d.)

48. Quick Quiz 2 The functions provided by a network are usually referred to as network ____. A(n) ____ server may also be known as simply an access server. True or False: The oldest and still most frequently used network communications services are print services. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 48 Services remote access FalseServices remote access False

49. Quick Quiz 2 (cont) 4. True or False: Configuration and optimization of routers and switches is a skill currently in high demand. 5. The term ____ refers to those skills that are not easily measurable. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 49 True Soft skillsTrue Soft skills

50. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 50 Summary Defined networks and stand-alone computers Described network advantages Relative to stand-alone computer Discussed peer-to-peer networks Described traditional peer-to-peer networks Discussed client/server networks Defined and compared LANs, MANs and WANs

51. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 51 Summary (cont’d.) Reviewed common client/server network elements Described various network services Reviewed the networking profession Presented overview of certifications available Listed skill sets required for networking positions and projects Described advantages of joining professional associations