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This exploration traces the evolution of DJs within hip hop culture from its inception in the 1970s to the present. Drawing on Dick Hebdige’s concepts of subculture and recuperation, it examines how DJs have transformed from break manipulators to influential cultural figures and beat producers. The text discusses pivotal pioneers such as Kool Herc and Grandmaster Flash, as well as discusses the transition to turntablism and its commodification in the media. It emphasizes the significance of DJs as communicators and the role of competition and technique in cultural advancement.
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Style • Hebdige (1979) • Subcultures=noise? • Recuperation: • 1) commodity form: freezes style • 2) ideological form: exotic...through media • Intentional communication through commodities • Bricolage • Homology
Hip Hop DJs are... • Break manipulators using disks • DJs were first replace by studio musicians who replicated their cutting (“Rapper's Delight”) • Beat producers are an extension of the DJ • Collectors, diggers, archivists, technologists • A challenge to “romantic” authorship • The “back bone” of hip hop • The last element of the culture to be mass commodified, and this is very recent
Pedigrees • Pioneers: 1973 • Herc, Bam, Flash • 2nd Generation: 1976-1982 • Breakout, Baron, Theodore, Jazzy Jay, Afrika Islam, Whiz Kid, DST, Red Alert • 3rd Generation: 1983-1991 • Barry B, Mixmaster Ice, Cheese, Cash Money, Miz, Steve Dee, Jazzy Jeff, Aladdin, Cutmaster Swift, Joe Cooley, Scratch, Tat Money, Jam Master J • “Turntablists”: 1992-2005ish? • ISP, X-Men / Ex-ecutioners, Allies, 5th Platoon, Scratch Perverts, Beat Junkies
Building Subcultural Capital • Collecting records (Kool Herc, objectified) • Diggin' (Bambaataa, embodied) • Technique (Flash, embodied and objectified) • Scratching, Beat Juggling, Mixing, Blending • Musical knowledge (embodied) • Battling; competition as cultural advancement • “Turntablism”
Juice (1992) • Stars Tupac and Omar Epps • Black ganster / hip hop film in Bronx (shot in Harlem) • DJ Q • DJ Battle Scene • DJ Practice / Tape Scene • One of the few filmic depictions of hip hop Djing • Queen Latifah, EPMD, Special Ed, Treach, Fab 5 Freddy,