Español 1- Capítulo 1

1. Español 1- Capítulo 1 ¿Cómosomos?

2. HagaAhora: 29 de agosto 1. Match the opposites: • Morena • Alto • Simpático • Bonito • Serio • Antipático • Cómico • Rubio • Feo • Bajo 2. Words that describe a boy usually end in the vowel ______ and the words that describe a girl usually end in _____. 3. Review vocabulary from last class. (Hand Back Tests!)

3. Describe la foto

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8. Sustantivos = Nouns • Noun: person, place, thing, idea • En español, nouns have gender • Sustantivos masculinos / Sustantivos femeninos

9. Sustantivosmasculinos: • usually end in “- o” • used with definite article “el” (“the”) El chico El bolígrafo El cuaderno Sustantivosfemeninos: • may end in “- a”, “- ción”, • “- sión”, “- dad” • used with definite article “la” (“the”) La chica La acción La televisión La posibilidad

10. #1 Exceptions to the rule…: The gender of some words must be learned because they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino: Femeninos: La tarde La noche La clase La pared Masculinos: El día El mapa El reloj El lápiz El pupitre El sacapuntas

11. Summary Definite Articles Indefinite Articles *** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?

12. A ! I R R B A ¡ Definite and indefinite articles The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item. Es un libro. It’s abook. The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item. Esellibro. It’s thebook.

13. Definite and indefinite articles The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item. Es una silla. It’s achair. The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item. Eslasilla. It’s thechair..

14. Definite and indefinite articles Hay unoslibros en la clase. There are a few books in the classroom. Hay unas sillas también. There are some chairs, too.

15. A ! I R R B A ¡ Definite and indefinite articles Son los libros para la clase de español. They’re the books for the Spanish class. Son lassillaspara los alumnos. They’re the chairs for the students.

16. Masculine: un a, an un libro = a book unos some, a few unoslibros = some books el the el libro = the book los los libros = the books the

17. Feminine: una a, an unasilla = a chair some, a few unassillas = some chairs unas la the la silla = the chair las lassillas = the chairs the

18. Summary Definite Articles Indefinite Articles *** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?

19. Completa with el, la, los, or las: • 1. ________ amigo • 2. ________ muchacha • 3. ________ escuela • 4. ________ alumnos • 5. ________ amigas • 6. ________ muchachas • 7. ________ cursos • 8. ________ alumno

20. Completa with el, la, los, or las: • 1. el amigo • 2. lamuchacha • 3. laescuela • 4. losalumnos • 5. lasamigas • 6. lasmuchachas • 7. loscursos • 8. elalumno

21. Completa with un, una, unos, unas: • 1. ________ amigo • 2. ________ muchacha • 3. ________ escuela • 4. ________ alumnos • 5. ________ amigas • 6. ________ muchachas • 7. ________ cursos • 8. ________ alumno

22. Completa with un, una, unos, unas: • 1. un amigo • 2. unamuchacha • 3. unaescuela • 4. unosalumnos • 5. unasamigas • 6. unasmuchachas • 7. unoscursos • 8. unalumno

23. Un pocomás… • Articles and Nouns explanation • Central America Rock

24. What is a pronoun? Subject Subject Pronoun It’s a word used instead of a nounExample: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns. When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun. Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

25. What are the English subject pronouns?

26. English subject pronouns and their Spanish equivalents Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences.

27. The first person singular pronoun “YO” • “Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English. • Yo soy americano. • Yo soy estudiante. • Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: • Mi amigo y yo…

28. Second person singular pronounTú • Tú means you (familiar/ informal) • Used when talking to someone familiar • We’ll learn more about this in a moment.

29. 3rd person singular masculine él • Él = he • It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. • used in the same way as its English counterpart: • Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara. • DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the” • él = he el = the

30. 3rd person singular FeminineElla • Ella = she • It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. • used in the same way as its English counterpart: • Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco. • Please pronounce it correctly. • It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah) • Remember ll= y sound.

31. formal youUsted (Ud.) • Usted means you (formal) • Used when talking to someone you should respect. • Abbriviated --(Ud.) • Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun. • We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

32. The first person plural pronoun “Nosotros / nosotras” • Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you. • in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine: • Juan: “Mi hermano y yosomos de Argentina. Nosotrosvivimos en Buenos Aires.” • Juana: “Mi hermana y yosomos de Bolivia. Nosotrasvivimos en La Paz.” • use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: • Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yosomos de Argentina. Nosotrosvivimos en Buenos Aires.” • Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yosomos de Bolivia. Nosotrosvivimos en La Paz.

33. 3rd person Plural masculineEllos • Ellos = They (masculine) • It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. • used in the same way as its English counterpart: • Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. • Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también. • Please pronounce it correctly. • It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) • Remember ll= y sound.

34. 3rd person plural FeminineEllas • Ellas = They (feminine) • It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. • used in the same way as its English counterpart: • Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigastambién. • Please pronounce it correctly. • It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs) • Remember ll= y sound.

35. formal you PluralUstedes (Uds.) Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period. (Uds.) Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

36. YOU, You, and You • In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal • Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”. • In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you” • tú • usted (Ud.) • vosotros • vosotras • ustedes (Uds.)

37. Differences – YOU: Tú vs. Usted Tú = you (informal/familiar) Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis. friends family small children people younger than you pets Usted (Ud.) = you (formal) Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect. People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.) Strangers Acquaintances Adults • Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking.

38. Differences – Y’all The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America. In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group. In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as) Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all.

39. Review Nosotros/as = we First person plural distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine Used to talk ABOUT yourself and friends Yo = I First person singular Not capitalized unless the first word of the sentence Used to talk ABOUT yourself Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Second person Singular Use it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar) Second person Plural Use it to talk TO a group of friends or family members. Third person singular Él = he Don’t forget the accent Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. Third person plural Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Uds. = You (plural) Use it to talk TO a group of people Ella = she Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. Watch the pronunciation. Ud. = You (singular, formal) Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect.

40. Subjects = Sujetos

41. Homework: Tarea • QUIZ NEXT CLASS!! • Flashcards due! (first three sections of vocab) • SPELLING! • STUDY- vocab, subject pronouns chart, articles • yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos, ellas • El, la, los, las----un, una, unos, unas

42. Differences – Y’all • In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you” • Vosotros • Vosotras • Ustedes (Uds.) • Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes is the plural form of usted. • Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group. • Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female • These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. • We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it.