Introduction to Engineering

1. Introduction to Engineering

2. Engineering I • Engineers build bridges. • Engineers test structures by loading them to failure. • Engineers design bridges for maximum strength-to weight ratio. • Unfortunately, all three of these notions are quite wrong.

3. Engineering I • The essence of engineering is design. • Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. • The engineering design process is, at the same time, both systematic and creative. • And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution. • These are the essential characteristics of engineering.

4. Engineering I • Define Mathematics. • Define Science. • Define Technology.

5. Engineering I • What is Technology? • Construct a definition of Technology • What is an “-ology?” • Sociology, Biology, Psychology • So what is good working definition of the word “Technology”?

6. Engineering I • How old is technology? • Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is? • The plow! • What were the societal effects of this technology? • What innovations were made on it?

7. Engineering I • Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems. • The Cave Man……. Look at our teeth. • 1. This is not an argument about evolution. We make no assumptions about the origin of man. • 2. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of strict carnivores.

8. Engineering I • In order to eat we needed to develop tools. • Tools are the first essential element for all technology systems. • These tools are made of materials (2nd) • We name eras according to material usage • Stone Age approx. 2,000,000 years ago. • Bronze Age approx. 3000 BC • Iron Age approx. 1200 BC

9. Engineering I • As discussed the Plow came about in 8,000 BC • Importance of Agricultural Based tools: • Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels. • The waterwheel was invented around 100BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for food.

10. Engineering I • Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by the flow of water through a sluice in a dam. • Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to the original waterwheels to spin milling equipment for lumber. • Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs. • Can you see the changes these technologies made in the way man lived?

11. Engineering I • Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one! • What is it made of? • We call these materials resources. • Natural and Man-made. • Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable. • What were the affects of this technology? • How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society? • SO NOW DEFINE TECHNOLOGY!!

12. Engineering I • Resources • Observations of our Environment (I.e., Laws of Physics, etc.) • Applied a process • Fashioned something (an Artifact) • To satisfy our needs

13. Engineering I • Technology defined: The study of taking resources, applying a process to make things that satisfy our needs. • Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic based body of knowledge. • However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects? • Discussion of this definition?

14. Engineering I • Technology is defined as a system having seven essential elements: • Capital • Energy • Resources/Materials • Tools • People • Information • Time

15. Engineering I • The powers that be have developed the following definition…live it, love it, LEARN IT! • Technology: The generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities.

16. Engineering I • Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat Brazilia Nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to smash the nut on the ground to open it. • According to our definition is this Technology?

17. Engineering I • All Technology can be classified into five general classifications: • Construction • Transportation • Manufacturing • Communication • Bio-related

18. Engineering I • Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas: • Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants) • Tech and Math (The ½ gallon milk jug problem) • Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers) • Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility) • Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy) • Tech and Music (Instruments are tools) • Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

19. Engineering I • So know lets examine engineering. • Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. • Human need is central.

20. Engineering I • Egyptian Engineers • Imhotep: Engineer to King Joser • Engineers to the Kushite Kings • Pyramids, Dams, and Canals • Mesopotamian Engineers • First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamia • Home and Wall construction • Assyrians and iron weaponry and the four wheeled war machine/wagons • Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer Sennacherib • Greek Engineers • Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians • 1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. • Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer. • Mechanical Brid that flew by compressed air.

21. Engineering I • Greek Engineers: • Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people. • Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greek. • Roman Engineers: • Romans were also adaptive engineers; building off others ideas. • Most were civil engineers developing roads, bridges, etc. • Made significant advances in architecture and everyday machinery. • Kingdom of Anatolia Central Indirect Heating • Discovery of Cement! • Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the pendentive.

22. Engineering I • The Oriental Engineers: • Centered on religious activities. • Indian – Skills with iron works • Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first practical windmill. • Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and dams. • The European Engineers: • Middle Ages was the height of invention. • Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress • 18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building. • Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and engineering became a defined discipline.

23. Engineering I • Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. • Similar to Technology definition.

24. Careers in Engineering • ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. • Engineering defined as: • The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. • Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.

25. Careers in Engineering • Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer. • The do overlap. • There are several sub-categories under each of the major headings. • Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by engineers. • Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Sales, Financial Management • Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

26. Careers in Engineering • Disciplines: • Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating under different speeds and altitudes. • Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the production and processing of agricultural products. • Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic integrity of structures. • Chemical: the development of processes, and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.

27. Careers in Engineering • Disciplines: • Civil: All principalities of communication, transportation, construction, and manufacturing. • Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers. • Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems. • Mechanical: machines, production of power, and manufacturing methods.

28. Careers in Engineering • Disciplines: • Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology. • Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products from the earth.

29. Careers in Engineering • Assignment: • Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation • 2 people per team maximum • 5 slide minimum • 5 related pictures or illustrations • Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school. • Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline. • Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non-Georgia schools offering the degree program. • Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS). • Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.

30. Careers in Engineering • Assignment 2 • What are your post secondary plans? • List three jobs, tech schools, or colleges that will help you prepare for your future. • Obtain an application for one of these and complete it.