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TRADE & NCDs: A CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Dr. Ballayram Food Economist

TRADE & NCDs: A CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Dr. Ballayram Food Economist Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute/ Pan American Health Organization Opening Session Module 7: Trade & Chronic Diseases Leadership in Public Health October 11, 2011 PAHO/WHO Virtual Campus. Outline of Presentation.

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TRADE & NCDs: A CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Dr. Ballayram Food Economist

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  1. TRADE & NCDs: A CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Dr. Ballayram Food Economist Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute/ Pan American Health Organization Opening Session Module 7: Trade & Chronic Diseases Leadership in Public Health October 11, 2011 PAHO/WHO Virtual Campus

  2. Outline of Presentation • Situate the topic within the context of food and nutrition security • Challenges to regional food and nutrition security • Regional trade agreements • Opportunities and challenges in trade to address NCDs

  3. What is Food and Nutrition Security?/ How is it conceptualized? Food Security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (World Food Summit, 1996) Two points of emphasis: 1. 4 Components of the definition: Availability, Accessibility, Consumption /Utilization, Stability 2. These components constitute a discernable pathway that Links Food, Nutrition and Health; and Provides the entry point for multi-sectoral collaboration to FNS

  4. DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITION & MULTISECTORAL PATHWAYS TO HEALTH & NUTRITION

  5. Challenges for Regional Food and Nutrition Security Food availability Food accessibility 3. Utilization/Consumption 4. Stability

  6. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ?

  7. Nutrition/Epidemiological Transition • -Change in food consumption patterns • -Change in disease profile—Obesity & NCDs

  8. 50 % of Total deaths Chronic Diseases 25- Infectious Diseases/ Undernutrition 10- 0 1970 1990 1950 • Epidemiological transition in the Caribbean • Linked to Nutrition transition • Part of the development/modernization process

  9. Where we are NOW Where we want to GO Deficits: (1) Staples (8%); (2) legumes (4%); (3) Vegetables (6%); Excess: (1) Food from animals (5%); (2) Fats/oils (4%); (3) Sugar (9%) QUESTION: WHAT CAN AGRICULTURE DO TO SHIFT FROM CURRENT TO RECOMMENDED?

  10. Obesity Prevalence (Selected Age Groups and Countries).

  11. 1980 (%) Heart Disease* - 20 Cancer * - 12 Stroke* - 11 Injuries - 8 Hypertension* - 6 ARI - 5 Diabetes * - 4 *Food/Nut related = 53% 2000s (%) Heart Disease * - 16 Cancer * - 15 Stroke * - 10 Diabetes * - 10 Injuries - 7 HIV/AIDS - 6 Hypertension * - 6 *Food/Nut Related = 57% Main Causes of Death in the Caribbean

  12. Trade and NCDs

  13. Regional Trade Agreements Regional (CSME) International (WTO) Bilateral EU-CARICOM

  14. World Trade Organization Basic WTO Principle is Non-Discrimination: Cannot discriminate against trading partners (Most Favored Nation Clause) Cannot discriminate against imported goods and locally produced if they are similar (National Treatment Clause)

  15. Caricom-EU External Partnership Agreement ELEMENT OF THE EPA (as defined by the EU): Trade to be WTO compatible Reinforce ongoing integration within CSME Promote foreign investment Lower prices for capital and intermediate goods

  16. Summary-Conclusions Caribbean—small, open economies Trade is a major source of food Must be situated within food security framework (food availability, accessibility, nutritional adequacy, stability) Food security challenges on all four components Established trade agreements: CSME, WTO, EU-CARICOM Opportunities/challenges to address NCDs in the region Use of CET Special dispensations within WTO rules

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