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Understanding Monosaccharides, Proteins, and Enzymatic Reactions in Biochemistry

This review of Chapter 3 explores key concepts in biochemistry, focusing on carbohydrates and proteins. It discusses chemical tests for identifying monosaccharides, including iodine and Benedict's test, and examines functional groups, including hydroxyl and amino groups. The content covers the roles of carbohydrates and proteins in energy provision, structure, and enzymatic functions. Furthermore, it differentiates organic compounds and discusses hydrolysis and noncompetitive inhibition. Key takeaways include identifying substances through chemical tests and understanding the structural roles of biomolecules.

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Understanding Monosaccharides, Proteins, and Enzymatic Reactions in Biochemistry

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  1. DO YOU HAVE THE ENERGY? Chapter 3 REVIEW

  2. Which chemical test would I use to identify a monosaccharide? • Iodine • Benedicts • Biuret • Nitric acid

  3. What ratio do we find in carbohydrates? • 1 H:2 O • 2 C:2 H • 2C:2 O • 2 H:1 O

  4. If a solution turned navy blue with the iodine test, what substance would it indicate? • Monosaccharide • Disaccharide • Polysaccharide • Protein

  5. The functional group for carbohydrates? • Hydroxyl group • Carboxyl group • Amino group • Alcohol group

  6. The functional group for proteins is the • Hydroxyl group • Carboxyl group • Amino group • Both B and C

  7. 6. The function of carbohydrates is to • Provide structure • Give instructions to the cell • Provide energy • Control chemicals

  8. The function of protein is to • Provide energy • Be a chemical controller • Provide structure D. Both C and D

  9. Which of the following is not an organic compound? • Protein • Nucleic acid • Lipid • Water • Carbohydrate

  10. In what organic substance(S) can the amino function group be found in? • Proteins • Amino acids • Carbohydrates • Lipids • A & B

  11. A train car is to a freight train as a(n) ___________ is to a nucleic acid • Polymer • Amino acid • Nucleotide • Protein • Polysaccharide

  12. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are examples of… • Macromolecules • Simple sugars • Disaccharides • Quick energy molecules

  13. How do our bodies use fats? • To store energy • To protect organs • As insulation • To store vitamins • All of the above

  14. In order to form a protein, what has to happen? • Multiple monosaccharides have to join together by losing water • Multiple disaccharides have to join together by adding water • Multiple monomers have to join together by losing water • Multiple amino acids have to join together by adding water

  15. True or false: a condensation reaction is the same as a hydrolysis reaction. • True • False

  16. When a substrate fits into an enzyme and the enzyme forms around the substrate this… • Is called the Lock and Key Hypothesis • A coenzyme is needed • Is called the Induced Fit Hypothesis • An inhibitor is present

  17. What happens in noncompetitive inhibition? • The inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site • The inhibitor bonds permanently with the enzyme • The inhibitor reversibly binds with the substrate • The inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a place other than the active site

  18. Pesticides, poisons, mercury, and lead are examples of… • Reversible inhibitors • Irreversible inhibitors • Noncompetitive inhibitors • Competitive inhibitors

  19. Which of the following have both hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups? • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  20. Saturated fats are… • Of animal origin • Made of single bonds between carbons • Recognized as butter, lard, and coconut oil • A & B only • All of the above

  21. When the body needs energy in what order does it use the organic compounds? (from first to last) • Fats, carbohydrates, proteins • Carbohydrates , proteins, fats • Fats, proteins, carbohydrates • Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

  22. Unsaturated fatty acids… • are considered “bad fats” • Come from animals • Have at least one double bond in their fatty acid chains • Have only single bond in their fatty acid chains

  23. A Peptide bond forms between • Carbon and oxygen • Carbon and carbon • Nitrogen and hydrogen • Oxygen and nitrogen • Carbon and nitrogen

  24. Which of the following represents a correct equation for hydrolysis? A. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + enzymes→ C12H22O11 + H2O B. C12H22O11 + H2O + enzymes→ 2 C6H12O6+ energy C. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + energy + enzymes→ C12H22O11 D. C12H22O11 + 3 H2O → 3 C6H12O6

  25. What does NOT damage enzymes? • Temperature • pH • Poisons • Water

  26. The following molecule is a(n) • Amino acid • Unsaturated fatty acid • Saturated fatty acid • Nucleic acid

  27. The following molecule is a (N) • Nitrogen base • Lipid • Nucleotide • Monomer of DNA • Both D and C • Both B and C • Both C and A

  28. The enzyme is represented by what letter? • A. • B. • E. • C. • D.

  29. The substrate is represented by which molecule? • A • B • C • D • E

  30. This substance determines heredity traits • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  31. The polymer(s) of Nucleic Acids is or are • Fatty acids • Glycerol • RNA • DNA • Both C and D • Both A and B

  32. The monomer(s) of lipids is or are • Fatty acids • Glycerol • monosaccharide • DNA • Both A and B

  33. Name a specific one of these we studied in lab? • Apple juice • Table sugar • Oats • Powdered sugar

  34. This is a monomer for what organic compound? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  35. The liver forms a polymer like this which is called______?_____. • Starch • Cellulose • Glucose • Glycogen • Galactose

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