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How brain damage affects memory processing

How brain damage affects memory processing. Refers to the learning outcome : Explain how biological factors may affect one cognitive process. What is amnesia ?. Memory loss ( inability to learn new information or retrieve information) Two types

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How brain damage affects memory processing

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  1. How brain damage affects memory processing Refersto the learningoutcome: Explainhowbiologicalfactorsmayaffectonecognitive process

  2. What is amnesia? • Memory loss (inabilitytolearn new information or retrieve information) • Twotypes • I.RetrogradeMemory loss of events BEFOREbraindamage • II. AnterogradeMemory loss of events AFTERbraindamage Info: http://www.tbiguide.com/memory.html

  3. Famouscase: Clive Wearing • Suffersbothanterograde and retrograde • MRI scan shows damageto the hippocampus and some of the frontal regions • Episodicmemory and somesemanticmemoryarelost cannotput new information in long term memory • Implicit memory and emotional memory still intact • Memory span: fewseconds

  4. How Clive Wearingpercieves it • Not abletorememberanything for morethan a blink • Kept a journal • ”I amawake” ”Thistimefinallyawake””I wasfullyconscious at 10.35p.m” • ”Forevertoday” Deborah 2005

  5. How it happened? • In March 1985 • In hisforties • Brain Infection (Herpes encephalitis) • Injuredhippocampus • Hippocampus - center for long term memory • Perception wasunimpairedbuthecouldalmost not rememberanything • The mostdevastatingcaseofamnesiaeverrecorded

  6. CLIP ON CLIVE WEARING! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmzU47i2xgw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vwigmktix2Y

  7. Case study: HManterogradeamnesia • Firststudied by Milner & Scoville 1957 • Headinjurywhenhewas 9 • Epilepticseizures • No drugtreatment surgey • 27 years old • Removedtissue from the temporal lobe, includinghippocampus, the amygdala • H.M.'s Brain and the History of Memory by Brian Newhouse: • http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=7584970&m=7584971

  8. HM after the surgery • Curedhisseizures, gavehimamnesia (anterogade) • Ableto: Carry on a conversation • Not ableto: Recognizepeopleand alsorereadsmagazines. • Canrememberifrehearsed • Answer ”ethics in research” on p. 79 and ”understanding research”

  9. Summary • Youcanuse Clive and H.M as support (howbiologicalfactorsmayaffectonecognitive process: braindamage on memory) • H.M and Clive W canalso be used as support for the multi-store model of memory (sincethey show thatourmemoryconsists of different memory systems) • Bothcan be used as support in LO aboutethicalconsiderations • Sinceyouneedtwobiologicalfactors: youcanuse the study by Martinez and Kesner (1991) Ach in memory formation • Youcanalso (greatisn’t it?) use H.M and Clive for the LO in the cognitivelevel of analysis: ”Examineoneinteractionbetweencognition and physiology in terms of behaviour”

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