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Reforming Education Systems: Tackling Racism and Inequality

Explore the impact of racism on education, challenges to inequality, and the persistence of racism in academics. Understand the expansion of public education and historical movements like the Niagara Movement. Delve into the era of Jim Crow Laws, racial etiquette, and discrimination beyond the South.

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Reforming Education Systems: Tackling Racism and Inequality

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  1. Changes In Education How does racism effect education? How is this inequality challenged? How does racism continue?

  2. II. Expanding Public Education B. Increase in % of HS graduates going to university C. Prob.: most Afr. Amer. excluded from secondary education A. Mandatoryschooling for children age 8-14 1. Booker T. Washington: supports desire for “black schools” for skilled labor  Af. Amer. will improve economy = gradual end to racism 2. W.E.B. Du Bois: founds Niagara Movement = supports liberal arts education  create well-educated Af. Amer. leaders a) Talented Tenth: most educated Af. Amer. need to achieve immediate inclusion into society NOW! 3. Many more Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs) founded

  3. III. Jim Crow Laws- De Jure Segregation = Legal A. 1877: South. state laws allowed for segregated public & private facilities (schools, restaurants, public transit, etc.) B. Plessy v. Ferguson, Sup. Court Case (1896) 1. Homer Plessy (1/8th black) tries to challenge segregation on trains that cross state lines (interstate travel = ICC) 2. Sup. Court rules “separate but equal” is NOT a violation of the 14th Amendment, ICC cannot regulate RR’s racial policies C. Significance: Decision sets “separate but equal” standard; allows for legal racial segregation for next 60 years

  4. IV. Racial Ettiquette – De facto Segregation = Customary A. Many white southerners want blacks follow “southern” customs B. African Americans who didn’t “follow custom” could face violence & death  (1,400 lynched 1882-1902) V. Discrimination outside the South (De facto) A. North:  Blacks forced into segregated neighborhoods, unions disallow black membership, Irish discrimination in jobs B. West: Many Mexicans forced into debt peonage (forced to work until your debt is paid off); housing and education segregation (esp. in CA)

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