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Entry Task

Entry Task. What is communism? When did the U.S.A. have troops fighting against the Russians on Russian soil? . Enduring Understanding. The Russian Revolution changed the political and economic landscape of the international community by eventually adopting a Totalitarian Communist system. .

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Entry Task

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  1. Entry Task • What is communism? • When did the U.S.A. have troops fighting against the Russians on Russian soil?

  2. Enduring Understanding • The Russian Revolution changed the political and economic landscape of the international community by eventually adopting a Totalitarian Communist system.

  3. Econ 2.2.1 • Understands and analyzes how planned and market economies shape the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, services, and resources

  4. Essential Questions • What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution? • How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies? • In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism? • In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?

  5. Learning Targets • I can name the 3 main people involved in the Russian Revolution. • I can accurately analyze examples of propaganda for and against Russian reforms. • I can correctly describe the similarities and differences between capitalism and communism. • I can analyze the consequences of war.

  6. Russia – From Tsar to Totalitarianism World History Mr. Noble Mr. Voorhees

  7. Power of the Tsars • The Tsars gained power from nobles by: • taking it and challenging their opposition (Ivan the Terrible was very good at this)

  8. Compensated the nobles for decreased power in government by giving them greater power over their land and its occupants Serfs were peasants who were tied to the land (virtual slaves) Serfs

  9. 1861 - Serfdom abolished, but life did not change for most peasants Serfs

  10. 1891 - 1905 - Trans-Siberian R.R. started to connect growing empire (Vladivostok founded 1860)

  11. Demographics • 40% were literate • 51% of people worked in agriculture • 32% work in industries (worked 11 hours a day, only 10 on Saturday)

  12. World Population - 1900 1. British Empire 367,000,000 • China 300,000,000 • Russia 132,000,000 • French Empire 81,500,000 • United States 76,212,168 • Germany 56,000,000

  13. Industrial Output (1900)

  14. 1905 - Russo-Japanese war • Russia defeated (a humiliation for the country who defeated Napoleon)! • Jan. 22, 1905 – “Bloody Sunday” • Demonstrators shot by Nicholas II’s soldiers • Fearing revolution, he listens to their demands

  15. Nicolas II forced to begin reforms 1. Constitution and parliament (Duma) created 2. Oil workers form political councils (soviets)

  16. World War I • Unprepared militarily or industrially, Russia suffered demoralizing defeats, severe food shortages, and economic collapse • 1917 - riots broke out • Nicolas forced to abdicate

  17. Revolutionary Period • Provisional government tried moderate policies to maintain order (workers rights) • Battled two groups for power • Bolsheviks "Majority" - radical, led by Lenin • Mensheviks "Minority" - more moderate

  18. Lenin • United States and other powers invade Russia to stop the Bolsheviks • Bolsheviks triumphed in 1920

  19. What Lenin Believed • Capitalism – economic system where people control the factors of production • Good idea = $$ • Socialism – Political and economic system where government owns the key factors of production • Lenin based his ideas on Karl Marx’s teachings

  20. Karl Marx • 1848 – wrote Communist Manifesto • Human history is about the struggle for survival (strong versus weak) • Bourgeoisie – middle class who own factories • Proletariat – working class • Revolution will favor the Proletariat, who will create a society of equality • “dictatorship of the proletariat” • Eventually people would accept socialism and government would disappear

  21. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) - seizure of power • Bolshevik membership soared during the summer • Nov. 6, 1917 Soviets took over the gov’t • Provided answer to anarchy, had good leadership and appealed to soldiers and workers alike

  22. Dictatorship and Civil War • Approved of peasant land seizure • Ended war – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Dissolved the Constituent Assembly

  23. USSR • After Lenin gained control of Russia, it is renamed • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

  24. Civil War 1918 - 1921 • Whites vs. Reds • Fighting was brutal • Reds were victorious by 1921 *victory was due to: • well-defined political program • better army • effective secret police force (the Cheka) Ukrainian family - suffering from typhus

  25. Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) • By 1921, the country was devastated • NEP was to get economy viable • Peasants bought and sold goods on the free market *looked like Capitalism!

  26. Economic recovery and Lenin's death in 1924 brought a struggle for power between Stalin and Trotsky Stalin won

  27. Read Page 824 in Holt • Stalin’s Soviet Union

  28. Stalin's Soviet Union • Modern totalitarian dictatorship • Five-Year Plans • Economic • Social

  29. Five-year Plans • 1928 – destroy the NEP and catch up with the West

  30. Questions to Stalin • How did killing his own people help Stalin? • Why didn’t people revolt against Stalin? • 5000 Ukrainian leaders executed in 1929 for planning a revolt • Why did people continue to “love” him? • Propaganda

  31. Collectivization • “Massive famine in 1932-1933 in Ukraine

  32. Five-year plans brought spectacular growth in heavy industry • Steel production grew 500% between 1928-1937 “Five Year Plan in Four Years!”

  33. Terror and the Great Purges • In the mid-1930s, a system of terror and purging was instituted Stalin & Nadezhda Stalin & Kirov

  34. Show Trials 1936-1938 • 16 Party leaders confessed to plots against Stalin • Why did they give false confessions? • Ritual confession of short-comings of Party • Dedication • Tortured and families threatened • Lower level members were executed privately

  35. Total Control • New party members had only ever been loyal to Stalin

  36. Russia Review • Organize your Russia information: Holt pp. 455-460; 519-521; 557-561; • PowerPoint lecture

  37. Foundations of Political Values Democracy versus Communism Mr. Noble & Mr. Voorhees

  38. Declaration of Independence Written in 1776 Justified freedom for 13 British Colonies Thomas Jefferson

  39. Communist Manifesto Published 1848 Overthrow of Capitalism and creation of a classless society Karl Marx

  40. Can you tell the difference between each?

  41. Your Assignment… How are these documents similar? How are they different? Look at the list of quotes from each document and write a “D” for Declaration of Independence or a “M” for the Communist Manifesto.

  42. Economic Systems Capitalism Similarities Communism

  43. Democracy Totalitarianism Similarities

  44. Essential Questions What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution? How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies? In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism? In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?

  45. Alexander II Nicholas II Leaders of Russia/ USSR Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin

  46. Terms to Know for Quiz • Abdicate, • Assassinate, • Bolsheviks, • Bourgeoisie, • Communist Manifesto, • Duma, • Emancipation Edict, • Five-Year Plan, • Genocide, Karl • Marx, • New Economic Policy, • Proletariat, • Provisional Government, • Purge, • Russo-Japanese War, • Serfs, • Socialism, • Totalitarianism, • Trans-Siberian Railroad, • World War I

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