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Religion in the Colonies. Only about 1 in 7 in the North belonged to a church Smaller ratio in the South Anglican Church- Official religion of VA, MD (as of 1692), Carolinas, GA, and parts of NY Established the college of William and Mary in 1693 to train ministers
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Religion in the Colonies • Only about 1 in 7 in the North belonged to a church • Smaller ratio in the South • Anglican Church- • Official religion of VA, MD (as of 1692), Carolinas, GA, and parts of NY • Established the college of William and Mary in 1693 to train ministers • Weakened by lack of Bishops in New World • Congregational Church- • Grew out of the Puritan Church • Prominent in New England • Initially all citizens of a community supported church through taxes regardless of faith • Eventually non-members exempted from tax
Religion in the Colonies • Presbyterian Church- • Closely associated with Congregational Church (both were Calvinists) • Difference was that Presbyterians believed that all Presbyterian churches constituted a unified body • Quakers- • Large numbers in PA, NJ, DE, and RI • Believed in “inner light” concept which caused them to Quake during worship • Pacifists who hated New England slave trade; 1st real abolitionists in colonies • Jews • 1st Jews arrived in mid 1600’s; located in RI, NY, PA, MD, and SC • Approximately 1,500 in colonies by mid 1700’s
Religion in the Colonies • Presbyterian Church- • Closely associated with Congregational Church (both were Calvinists) • Difference was that Presbyterians believed that all Presbyterian churches constituted a unified body • Quakers- • Large numbers in PA, NJ, DE, and RI • Believed in “inner light” concept which caused them to Quake during worship • Pacifists who hated New England slave trade; 1st real abolitionists in colonies • Jews • 1st Jews arrived in mid 1600’s; located in RI, NY, PA, MD, and SC • Approximately 1,500 in colonies by mid 1700’s
Religion in the Colonies • Presbyterian Church- • Closely associated with Congregational Church (both were Calvinists) • Difference was that Presbyterians believed that all Presbyterian churches constituted a unified body • Quakers- • Large numbers in PA, NJ, DE, and RI • Believed in “inner light” concept which caused them to Quake during worship • Pacifists who hated New England slave trade; 1st real abolitionists in colonies • Jews • 1st Jews arrived in mid 1600’s; located in RI, NY, PA, MD, and SC • Approximately 1,500 in colonies by mid 1700’s
The Great Awakening • 1st mass social movement in American Colonies • Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies • Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades • Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion
The Great Awakening • Arminianism: Directly challenged Calvinism’s predestination doctrine and was supported increasingly by liberal ministers • Stated man is not helpless in achieving salvation; his will can be an effective force in his being saved
The Great Awakening Jonathon Edwards • Credited with starting the great awakening in 1734 • Very influential theologian and writer • Blasted the idea of salvation through free will (arminianism); dependence on • God's grace is paramount • Emphasized eternal damnation • Style was learned and reasoned; not emotional like other "new lights"
The Great Awakening George Whitefield • Englishman who traveled extensively throughout the colonies • Gave rousing speeches and drew large crowds • Created Methodism in GA and SC • Most influential figure in Great Awakening • Referred to the Bible
The Great Awakening • 1st mass social movement in American Colonies • Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies • Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades • Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion
