Independent Reading

1. Independent Reading • Monday: No log • Tuesday’s focus question: Write a sentence about what you read today that uses parallel structure. • Tuesday’s learning target: I can create parallel structure in a sentence. Standard #11

2. Whenever you see be sure to fill in notes on your handout.

3. What Is Parallel Structure or Parallelism Parallel Structure is the repetition of words and/or grammatical structures in order to add rhythm and balance to images/text. Words can have similar structure like parallel lines have similar structure.

4. Parallel Structure should be used when elements are joined by coordinating conjunctions: Incorrect: I am allergic to the dog’s hairand how it smells Correct: I am allergic to the dog’s hairand its smell.

5. Parallel Structure should be used when writing elements in the form of a list: Incorrect: The class valued respect, honesty, and being on time in a teacher. Correct: The class valued respect, honesty, and promptness in a teacher.

6. Parallel Structure should be used when comparing or contrasting elements: Incorrect: James enjoys readingmore than to write. Correct: James enjoys readingmore than writing.

7. Example 1: John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address • "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty." • -- John F. Kennedy,Inaugural Address Where do you see parallel structure being used? Underline it on your work sheet.

8. Example 1: John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address • "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty." • -- John F. Kennedy,Inaugural Address

9. Example 2: The Gettysburg Address "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." -- Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address Where do you see parallel structure being used? • Underline it on your work sheet.

10. Example 2: The Gettysburg Address "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." -- Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address

11. Example 3:William Jennings Bryan "We have petitioned and our petitions have been scorned. We have entreated and our entreaties have been disregarded. We have begged and they have mocked when our calamity came. We beg no longer. We entreat no more. We petition no more. We defy them.“ -- William Jennings Bryan • There are two separate examples of parallelism in this paragraph? Find them on your sheet and underline them.

12. Example 3:William Jennings Bryan • "We have petitioned and our petitions have been scorned. We have entreated and our entreaties have been disregarded. We have begged and they have mocked when our calamity came. We beg no longer. We entreat no more. We petition no more. We defy them."-- William Jennings Bryan

13. Example 4: Night Examples from Night by Elie Wiesel Several days passed. Several weeks. Several months. Life had returned to normal. A wind of calmness and reassurance blew through our houses. The traders were doing good business, the students lived buried in their books, and the children played in the streets. (p. 4) One by one they passed in front of me, teachers, friends, others, all those I had been afraid of, all those I once could have laughed at, all those I had lived with over the years. They went by, fallen, dragging their packs, dragging their lives, deserting their homes, the years of their childhood, cringing like beaten dogs. (p. 14-15) • There are four separate examples of parallelism in these two paragraphs. Find them on your sheet and underline them.

14. Example 4: Night Examples from Night by Elie Wiesel Several days passed. Several weeks. Several months. Life had returned to normal. A wind of calmness and reassurance blew through our houses. The traders were doing good business, the students lived buried in their books, andthe children played in the streets. (p. 4) One by one they passed in front of me, teachers, friends, others, all those I had been afraid of, all those I once could have laughed at, all those I had lived with over the years. They went by, fallen, dragging their packs, dragging their lives, deserting their homes, the years of their childhood, cringing like beaten dogs. (p. 14-15)

15. What devices does an author use to create meaning? Literary Analysis Mood Tone Figurative Language

16. Tone: The writer’s attitude toward his/her subject • In Romeo and Juliet when the friar agrees to help Romeo come up with a way that he and Juliet can be together, it shows he is sympathetic to Romeo and Juliet’s dilemma. • The reader senses the tone is compassionate as the friar works with Romeo to find a solution to their problem.

17. How Do You Identify Tone? • Diction: Word choice can give you clues • Punctuation: Exclamation points indicate strong emotion • Figurative Language: Comparisons through metaphors, similes, personification, and hyperbole (exaggeration) can hint at an author’s attitude toward his/her subject

18. Read the passages in the following slides and identify the tone

19. "Here's much to do with hate, but more with love." – Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare How would you identify the tone? • Somber or sad • Hopeful • Regretful • Happy • Set at the beginning of the play, this sentence indicates that the story will be a love story but it will be one with a somber or sad note, rather than a happy ending. The correct answer is A.

20. "Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived." – • Frankenstein by Mary Shelly- How would you identify the tone? • Sarcastic • Frightening • Judgmental • Humorous • The words hideous, wretch, and ugly all set a frightening tone that suggests possible horror or fear. The correct answer is B.

21. “There was a steaming mist in all the hollows, and it had roamed in its forlornness up the hill, like an evil spirit, seeking rest and finding none. A clammy and intensely cold mist, it made its slow way through the air in ripples that visibly followed and overspread one another, as the waves of an unwholesome sea might do. It was dense enough to shut out everything from the light of the coach-lamps but these its own workings, and a few yards of road; and the reek of the labouring horses steamed into it, as if they had made it all. - A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens How would you identify the tone? • Intense • Calm • Mysterious • Excited Words like steaming mist, and forlornness indicate a sense of mystery and foreboding. The correct answer is C.

22. Tone Vs Mood Tone Mood • Tone is more about the author’s attitude or feelings about his/her subject. • Mood is more about the reader’s emotions in reaction to the atmosphere the author creates.

23. Mood: The atmosphere or feeling the author creates for the reader. Example: “TRUE! -- nervous -- very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses -- not destroyed -- not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily -- how calmly I can tell you the whole story.” - “The Tell-Tale Heart”, Poe • The mood created in the introduction to this short story is one of dread because the reader immediately knows the narrator of this story is insane. He claims to have a disease that allows him to hear all things in heaven, on earth and in hell! NOT POSSIBLE!

24. How do you identify mood? • Diction: Word choice can give you clues • Figurative Language: Comparisons through metaphors, similes, personification can hint at mood. Imagery – especially setting details – can help set the mood.

25. Read the passages in the following slides and identify the mood. Diction, setting details, figurative language can help . . .

26. Morning. The sea is calm. It has only the faintest whiff of smell. The sun, newly emerged from the water, hangs low in the sky. Small waves lap the shore, clinging briefly to the sand and then receding, as if they, too, are half asleep. Near the horizon, the water is a light blue-green, still and smooth as glass. The sand, which just yesterday was crowded with bathers, is now bare and clean, blown smooth by the wind. The sand sifts softly under her feet. Kayla can hear nothing but the swish of her skirt, the small sucking sound of her flip-flops. The beach is deserted. Small gusts of breeze flatten the sand, as if an invisible hand is caressing it. Everything seems to glitter in the clear light. How would you describe the mood? • Suspenseful • Serene or calm • Lonely • Regretful Words like calm and half asleep suggest a serene atmosphere. The simile “. . . Gusts of breeze flatten the sand, as if an invisible hand is caressing it” create the image of a soothing touch. The correct answer is B.

27. The wind moaned mournfully through the forest trees and round the grim old castle, standing high on a hill, from which the distant Rhine was just visible. -The Knight’s Treasure How would you identify the mood? • Frightening • Indifferent • Forlorn • Peaceful The personification in line 1 (the wind moaned mournfully) suggests a sad or forlorn mood. The correct answer is C.

28. Now You Try It! • Look back at the pages you read today in your independent reading book. What word would you use to describe the tone? What evidence do you have to support your choice? • What word would you use to describe the mood? What evidence do you have to support your choice?