1 / 21

General Psychology (PSY2200 MBAC)

General Psychology (PSY2200 MBAC). Chapter 05: Sensation and Perception. Sensation versus Perception. Sensation: the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

raoul
Télécharger la présentation

General Psychology (PSY2200 MBAC)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. General Psychology(PSY2200 MBAC) Chapter 05: Sensation and Perception

  2. Sensation versus Perception • Sensation: the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment • Bottom-up processing: analysis that starts with the sensory receptors and works upward to the brain • Perception: the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events • Top-down processing: information processing guided my higher-level mental processes; bringing our experiences and expectations to bear

  3. The Difference Between Sensation and Perception What do you see?

  4. Top-Down Processing Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in what oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe.

  5. Top-Down Processing • Likelihood Principle: ”we will perceive the object that is most likely to be the cause of our sensory stimulation” (Herman von Helmholtz) • Hypothesis Testing: “we may think of sensory stimulation as providing data for hypotheses concerning the state of the external world” (Richard Gregory)

  6. Sensation Vision as an Example

  7. SensationVision

  8. SensationVision • Cornea: Clear layer of tissue; begins focusing the image • Aqueous humor:thickened clear fluid; keeps the front of the eye firm and slightly curved • Iris: ring-shaped muscle that controls the size of the pupil (and gives the eye its color) • Pupil:the opening at the center of the iris; the entry point of light into the eye; size of the pupil determines how much light gets into the eye • Lens: stiff, jelly-like tissue that can squeeze into a tight ball or flatten out; adjust focus • Vitreous humor:clear liquid filling the body of the eye

  9. SensationVision

  10. SensationVision • Retina: sheet of tissue at the back of the eye; responsible for converting light into neural signals to be relayed to brain • Photoreceptors • Rods: very sensitive to changes in contrast; imprecise in detecting position and insensitive to color; located in periphery of the retina; responsible for “night vision” • Cones: high precision; specialized to detect red, green, or blue light; located in the Fovea (high spacial acuity) • “Preprocessing” – cells reduce and detect information regarding form and motion • Bipolar cells • Horizontal cells • Amacrine cells • Ganglion cells: receive information from eye and send threads through the retina and to the optic nerve • Optic Nerve: takes data from eye through the thalamus and to brainstem and a region of the occipital lobe called the primary visual cortex or striate cortex • Thalamus: sensory relay station; more preprocessing

  11. SensationVision

  12. Primary Visual CortexReview

  13. Vision The Case of Blindsight

  14. Perception What We Make of It

  15. Vision and PerceptionTheHermanSquare

  16. Vision and Perception Pulsing

  17. Vision and Perception Spinning

  18. Exercise Vignettes (Handout 5-17)

  19. Bias Effect • In the Spring of 2002, 90% of Americans said groups of Arabs carried out the attacks on 9/11, huge majorities in Islamic countries said this was not true • 89% in Kuwait • 86% in Pakistan • 59% in Iran • 63% of Americans said military action in Afghanistan was totally justified compared with less than 10% in most Muslim countries • 1 in 4 Americans have a favorable view of Muslim countries; 1 in 4 residents in Islamic countries had a favorable view of the US • 2 in 3 Americans say Muslim countries would be better off if they adopted Western values; fewer than 1 in 3 citizens of the Muslim world agree Bernedetto, R. (2002, March 5). Differences in perceptions fuel mistrust. USA Today, p. 11A.

  20. Bias EffectContinued • Pew Research Foundation polled 16,000 people in 20 nations and the Palestinian Authority regarding their perceptions • Favorable opinion of the United States: • Israel: 79% • Australia: 60% • France: 43% • Lebanon: 27% • Jordan: 1% • Palestinian Authority: 0% • Without Saddam Hussein in power, the Iraqi people will be better off: • United States: 87% • Canada: 81% • Kuwait: 80% • Without Saddam Hussein in power, the Iraqi people will be worse off: • Palestinian Authority: 85% • Jordan: 80% • Indonesia: 67%

More Related