Integrated Assessment and Management System for Artificial Ground Greening in Urban Area

1. International Association for Impact Assessment 7, July, COEX Convention Center, Seoul, Korea The study of the Integrated Assessment and Management System for the Artificial Ground Greening in Urban Area in Korea 2007. 6 So-Won Yoon (Seoul Facilities Corporation) Dong-Kun Lee (Seoul National University) Seung-hwan Oh (Seoul National University) Seong-wanJang (Eco&Bio)

2. Background and Objectives Materials and Methods Study Results Conclusions I . II. III . IV . Contents

3. 1 Chapter Background and Objectives Background Objectives

4. Increasing necessity of artificial space greening in urban area 1. Background I .Background and Objectives High population density Enlargement of urban area Reducing opportunity to touch nature Urban Green Green Urban Green area Urban area Change of urban environment Increasing desire for planting • Urban climate change • Destroying balance of Ecology • Environmental pollution • Difficulty to maintain green area • Substituting artificial space • greening for natural green area

5. rooftop Wall of building bridge top Overhead road top basement Car park top 1. Background I .Background and Objectives Artificial Space Greening Improvement of urban environment Rehabilitation of urban ecology Improvement of urban life energy saving Effect Establishment of green networks

6. Development of Integrated Assessment and Management System for Artificial Space Greening in Urban Area 2. Objectives I .Background and Objectives ▶Need to Effective method for improving urban environment and creating ecological place in urban area ▶ Need to integrate the artificial ground greening and its effect assessment ▶ Need to offer the fundamental information for effective introduction of artificial space greening

7. Regional Environmental Assessment Construction of Database Development of Integrated A&M System Experiment for Effect Analysis 3. Contents I .Background and Objectives • Planning and Design of System • Determining areas that would most benefit from artificial space greening • Fauna and Flora, Soil, Technology • Experiment for Reduction of Temperature and Runoff • Construction of Formula on the Effect of ASG

8. 3 Chapter Study Results Concept of IAMS Development of Integrated A&M System Regional Enviornmental assessment Construction of Database Experiment for Effect Analysis

9. Management System selecting T. M. for making the most excellent ASG 1. Concept of IAMS I .Background and Objectives INPUT • Integration of Goal • Symbiosis of human and nature • Reduction of Energy use and • circulation of material • Improvement of quality of life Integrated Assessment System • Integration of Time and Space • Consideration of future-Consideration of diverse scale • Integration of User • Designer & Planner • Policymaker • Public servant • Citizen, customer

10. 2. Development of Integrated A&M System Determining greening method Target area selecting & effect analysis Regional vulnerability assessment & effect analysis III.Study Results • Considering diverse user : policymaker, public servant, engineering company, building owner, citizen -Input building and street information -Greening type and area -Soil type and Plant -Birds and bugs -control of microclimate -Reduction of runoff -Effect of economy -Priority area for greening artificial ground -Heat island effect -runoff

11. Assessing Priority Area for Greening Artificial Ground 3. Regional Environmental assessment III.Study Results

12. Data Analysis Non permeable pavement Air pollution area Chronic flood area High energy use area Heat island area Green insufficiency area 3. Regional Environmental assessment III.Study Results 불투수성포장 대기오염심화 상습침수 에너지다소비 도시열섬현상심화 녹지부족

13. Total Assessment Map 3. Regional Environmental assessment III.Study Results • Synthesizing 6 indicators data • 1 : lowest necessity to plant in AS • 10 : Highest necessity to plant in AS • Old downtown areas : most benefit from artificial space greening in Seoul

14. Database for Fauna & Flora 4. Construction of Database III.Study Results • Construction of database through monitoring 27 area in Seoul and Busan • Flora data : about 500 species • Fauna data : about 100 species

15. Experiment for Reduction of Temperature Experiment Unit Type Measurement Item & Point 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III.Study Results • Measurement how reduce the temperature and runoff by artificial space greening in order to construct the fundamental data • - Experiment unit area : 50㎝ x 50㎝ x 10㎝ • 10㎝ • 15㎝ • 20㎝ Soil depth • M-soil-10 Soil quality Greening module • Module • Sedum&flower•Non-plant Type of Plant * Msoil-10 = 펄라이트 : 버미큘라이트 : 피트모스 = 3 : 1 : 1 비율

16. Experiment for Reduction of Temperature Monthly Temperature of rooftop Daily Temperature of rooftop 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III.Study Results Planted S(20cm) Planted S(20cm) Planted S(15cm) Planted S(15cm) Concrete Cement Soil(10cm) Planted S(10cm) Planted S(10cm) temperature temperature Concrete Cement Soil(10cm) • Temperature of unit of Soil depth 10cm is 10 ℃ lower than that of concrete rooftop • Temperature of unit of planted Soil depth 10㎝, 15㎝, 20㎝ are each 20℃, 24℃, 26℃lower than that of concrete rooftop • Planted soil brings the temperature reduction effect of more than 10 ℃ • The deeper soil depth is, the higher the temperature reduction effect is

17. Experiment for Reduction of Temperature Daily Temperature of Wall Greening 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III.Study Results Concrete wall - Temperature of greening wall is 4.4~6.3℃ lower than that of concrete wall - Planted wall brings the temperature reduction effect of more than 4 ℃

18. Experiment for Reduction of runoff 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III.Study Results Precipitation Cement • Establishment of reduction and delay of rain runoff by rooftop greening • Reduction of rain runoff : 17.5% in rainy season, more than 90% in ordinary season • Delay of rain runoff : 1h 15min~2h 24min in rainy season, 5h 20min~10h 31min in ordinary season Planted soil(10cm) soil(10cm) Planted soil(15cm) Planted soil(20cm)

19. Construction of Formula on the Effect of ASG Effect of Temperature Reduction Effect of runoff reduction Effect of Economy 5. Experiment for Effect Analysis III.Study Results • Flower= T. of bottom of concrete - 21 - 0.16(soil depth - 10) • Shrub= T. of bottom of concrete- 23 - 0.1(soil depth - 30) • Tall tree= T. of bottom of concrete- 25 - 0.05(soil depth- 70) • Dependant var. : in the case of selecting flower, shrub, tall tree • Independent var. : temperature of bottom of concrete rooftop, soil depth Soil depth = x(㎝) = (21.6-2x)+(23.6-2x)+(45.8-2x)+3(25.7-2x)+3(34.1-2x)+3(44.4-2x) +3(109.3-2x)+3(116.0-2x)+3(45.9-2x)+(49.3-2x)+3(17.7-2x)+(24.9-2x) • Using monthly rainfall data 1971~2000 • Using net average data in the case of raining more than 50mm monthly • X(kw/월) = 사용자 기입 여름철 사용 전력량 + 258.75 • If 201≦ X ≦ 300 • 관계식 : 조성 전 요금(Y, 원/월) = { 1430 + 5510 + 11380 + ( X - 200 ) x 168.3 } x 1.137 • If 301≦ X ≦ 400 • 관계식 : 조성 전 요금(Y, 원/월) • = { 3420 + 5510 + 11380 + 16830 + ( X - 300 ) x 248.6 } x 1.137 • If 401≦ X ≦ 500 • 관계식 : 조성 전 요금(Y, 원/월) • = { 6410 + 5510 + 11380 + 16830 + 24860 + ( X - 400 ) x 366.4 } x 1.137 • If 501≦ X ≦ ∞ • 관계식 : 조성 전 요금(Y, 원/월) • = { 11750 + 5510 + 11380 + 16830 + 24860 + 36640 + ( X - 500 ) x 643.90 } x 1.137 • 조성 전 요금(Y, 원/월), 경량형 조성 후 요금(Y x 89.5), 혼합형 조성 후 요금(Y x 82.5), 중량형 조성 후 요금(Y x 79.0) • Standard : 258.75kW/month, 75.9m2, run an air conditioner in 5h./day • Applying difference of T. reduction in the case of greening type

20. 4 Chapter Conclusions Conclusions Future Research Plans

21. 1. Conclusions IV. Conclusions ▶ Determining areas that would most benefit from artificial space greening in urban areas ▶ Offering fundamental information for effective introduction of artificial space greening ▶ supporting the information for decision of policy maker and environmental and urban planner

22. 2. Future Research Plans IV. Conclusions Establishment of IAMS • Target area selecting and its effect analysis • Complement of formula on the effect as ASG • Complementof constructing database Regional environmental assessment and effect analysis -Generalization of Assessment method using GIS -Complement of Simulation function Improvement of System Assessment of goal achievement

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