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Understanding Military Topographic Maps: Key Features and Practical Exercises

This guide provides an overview of military topographic maps, detailing cultural and natural features represented by various colors, such as black for man-made structures and blue for water bodies. It explores major and minor terrain features, military reference systems like the 1000 Meter Grid, and practical exercises for applying knowledge of map reading and distance measurement. The exercises include finding grid locations, measuring straight-line and road distances, and understanding vertical height changes, offering valuable insights for both military personnel and geography enthusiasts.

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Understanding Military Topographic Maps: Key Features and Practical Exercises

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  1. Map Colors

  2. Black - cultural man made features (bldgs, roads, elevations, all labels) Blue - hydrography or water features (stream, river, lake, swamp, etc) Green - vegetation w/ military significance (woods, orchards, vineyards, etc) Red /Brown - combined to ID cultural features, all relief features, elevation, and contour lines (used on newer red light readable maps)

  3. Major Terrain Features

  4. Hill

  5. Saddle

  6. Valley

  7. Ridge

  8. Depression

  9. Minor Terrain Features

  10. Draw

  11. Spur

  12. Cliff

  13. Supplementary Terrain Features

  14. Cut & Fill CUT FILL

  15. Military Grid Reference System

  16. 1000 Meter Grid Square VGT 20A

  17. VGT 21

  18. 1000 Meters 1000 Meters VGT 21

  19. 4 Digit Grid – within 1000m 91 FT0390 90 03 04

  20. Placement of Coordinate Scale on a Grid

  21. 6 Digit Grid – within 100 m 91 9 100 Meters 8 7 6 FT035906 5 4 3 2 1 90 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 03 04 03 5

  22. 6 Digit Grid – within 100 m 91 9 100 Meters 8 7 6 FT035906 5 4 3 90 6 2 1 90 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 03 04

  23. 8 Digit Grid – within 10 m 91 9 100 Meters 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 90 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 03 04

  24. 8 Digit Grid – within 10 m 3 2 1 90 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 03 04 FT 0355---- 5 6 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4

  25. 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 Digit Grid – within 10 m 91 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 90 4 5 6 7 8 9 04 FT 03559027

  26. Practical Exercise (1:50,000 scale Tenino map) 1) Find an 8 digit grid for Crawford Mountain Lookout Tower (vic EG 1887). Answer: EG 18058758 2) Find an 8 digit grid for the Zion Chapel (vic EH 1102). Answer: EH 11300291 3) What structure is located at EH 06900250? Answer: Abandoned Machine Gun Bunker 4) What structure is located at EG 10549310? Answer: Railroad Bridge 5) What is the terrain/vegetation like vicinity of EG 083955? Answer: Marsh / swamp

  27. Measuring Distance

  28. Contour Lines

  29. Graphic Scale Statute Miles Kilometers Nautical Miles

  30. Straight Line Distance

  31. Curved Line Distance

  32. Curved Line Distance

  33. Practical Exercise – Horizontal Distance 1) What is the straight line distance (in meters) between the Olympia Municipal Airport Beacon (EH 07780249) and the horizontal control station located at EG 05489809? Answer: 4,970 m 2) What is the straight line distance (in meters) between the chimney located at EG 10957786 and the water tower located at EG 09948210? Answer: 4,360 m 3) What is the straight line distance (in meters) between Violet Prairie Church (vic EG 0687) and the water tower located vic EG 1088? Answer: 4,390 m 4) What is the road distance in meters from EG 10759700 to EH 08950100? Answer: 5,150 m (approx)

  34. Practical Exercise – Vertical Distance 1) What is the vertical height (in meters) at EG 12758880? Answer: 120 m 2) What is the change in vertical distance from EG 14908436 to EG 14758585? Answer: 220 m ; (360m – 140m) 3) What is the estimated maximum elevation of the hilltop located at EG 171844? Answer: 310 m

  35. Grid Azimuth

  36. VGT 28

  37. VGT 23

  38. B A VGT 30

  39. B A VGT 31

  40. Practical Exercise 1) What is the back azimuth of 71 degrees? Answer: 251 degrees 2) What is the back azimuth of 287 degrees? Answer: 107 degrees 3) What is the Grid Azimuth from the TV Relay Tower (EG 12568775) and the water tower near Forest Cemetary (EG 11508558)? Answer: 206 degrees

  41. Your Magnetic Compass

  42. VGT 43

  43. VGT 44

  44. Compass to Cheek Method

  45. Centerhold Method

  46. Angle Conversion

  47. THREE NORTH'S G N N TRUE NORTH MAGNETIC NORTH GRID NORTH VGT 32

  48. VGT 33

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