Chapter 11 Notes

1. Chapter 11 Notes A New National Identity

2. Essential Question • What was the growth trend of the US population from 1790-1820?

3. ANSWER • It doubled from 1790 to 1820 • # of Americans in the West grew fast • Immigration – less from Britain and German and more from Ireland • New Territories – Added Louisiana Territory, Oregon Country, and Spanish Florida • Treaties opened West to new settlers in new states • THE PUSH by farmers in the east to go west for cheap land

4. Essential Question • How were minority groups treated in the political arena during the early part of the 19th century?

5. ANSWER • Intro. – Women, African Americans, Native Americans lost the right to vote – more white men got suffrage • Women – lost last right to vote in N.J. - not sit on juries - no control over property when married

6. ANSWER CONTINUED • African Americans – lost right to vote in several states - their vote given to poor white men - slave codes strengthened after slave rebellions

7. ANSWER CONTINUED • Native Americans – Indian Removal Act - Indian Territory - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Cherokee - Worchester v. Georgia - Jackson/Trail of Tears

8. James Monroe • When __________ was elected president in 1816, journalists wrote that the U.S. was entering an Era of Good Feelings.

9. Rush-Bagot Agreement • The __________ of 1817 gave both countries limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the U.S. and British Canada.

10. Convention of 1818 • The two sides later signed the __________, which established the U.S. Canada border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

11. Adams-Onis Treaty • To settle the border disputes, Spain and the U.S. signed the __________of 1819. Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for dropping U.S. claims to Texas.

12. Future Expansion of the U.S.

13. Simon Bolivar • …was nicknamed “The Liberator,” and led many fights for independence in Latin America.

14. Monroe Doctrine • The __________ stated that the US. Would oppose colonization or foreign interference in North and South America.

15. Mini Question • Why was the period of James Monroe’s presidency called the Era of Good Feelings? • Americans were experiencing a period of peace and national pride.

16. Mini Question • How did the U.S. settle its land disputes with Britain and Spain? • Rush-Bagot Agreement • Convention of 1818 • Adams-Onis Treaty

17. Mini Question • Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine, and what were its main points? • European nations would not take over the new Latin American nations • The U.S. would oppose colonization or foreign interference in North and South America

18. Henry Clay • Representative __________ of Kentucky proposed the __________. • (He believed that the key to avoiding regional conflicts was to create a national economy that linked the country together.)

19. Missouri Compromise • The __________ allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state, which would maintain the balance of the Union.

20. American System • Clay proposed that protective tariffs be established to pay for better roads and canals. He hoped that these improvements would make trade easier This proposal became known as the __________.

21. Cumberland Road • The road ran from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, West Virginia, and was called the __________. It was later known as the National Road, and reached as far as Vandalia, Illinois. The National Road Today.

22. Erie Canal • The __________ was built from 1817 to 1825 and connected the Great Lakes region to the Hudson River. Boats could then follow the Hudson to New York City.

23. Map of the Erie Canal This is what part of the canal looks like today.

24. John Q. Adams • The House of Representatives therefore had to choose the winner, and it selected __________.

25. Mini Question • What regional issues did the Missouri Compromise attempt to address? • The nation was balanced between 11 free states and 11 slave states.

26. Mini Question • How did improvements in transportation affect the U.S.? • It helped to create a national economy to connect North and South • and make trade easier.

27. Mini Question • Why was the 1824 presidential election controversial? • Jackson’s supporters claimed that Adams had won the election unfairly.

28. Nominating Conventions • Also, some political parties increased voter input by beginning to hold __________, or meetings to select candidates.

29. Democratic Party • By the 1828 presidential election, Jackson’s supporters had become the __________. • (Jackson’s supporters who were mostly farmers and southern slave-holders.)

30. Andrew Jackson • …won the election of 1828 and used the spoils system.

31. John C. Calhoun • …resigned as vice president to support nullification in South Carolina.

32. Spoils System • After Jackson won the presidency, he rewarded some of his supporters by giving them government jobs, a practice known as the __________.

33. Kitchen Cabinet • Jackson also relied on a group of informal advisers, who were called the __________ because they met in the White House Kitchen.

34. Tariff of Abominations • Congress passed a new tariff in 1828, which angry southerners named the __________, or of hateful things.

35. States’ Rights • Calhoun wrote a statement in support of __________, claiming that states should have more power than the federal government.

36. Nullification • Calhoun introduced the idea of __________. He argued that states had the right to nullify, or not obey, any federal law with which they disagreed.

37. McCulloch v. Maryland • In __________ the state of Maryland had sued the Bank to force it to pay a tax. The Supreme Court, however, ruled that the Bank was constitutional and that federal law is superior to state law. To learn more, go to: odur.let.rug.nl/.../ marshallcases/mar05.htm

38. Whig Party • In 1834 a group of Jackson’s opponents created the __________, who supported the idea of a weak president and a strong Congress. To learn more, go to: ww.socialstudiesforkids.com/ wwww/us/whigpart...

39. The Whig Party’s Mascot was a Rhino.

40. Martin Van Buren • In 1836, however, voters elected Democrat __________ as president. • (He was president during the Panic of 1837 and was not re-elected.) To learn more, got to: www.whitehouse.gov/ history/presidents/mb8.html

41. Panic of 1837 • Shortly after the election, the country experienced a financial crisis called the __________.

43. William Henry Harrison • The Panic of 1837 hurt Van Buren’s campaign in the 1840 presidential election, which was won by __________. To learn more, go to: www.whitehouse.gov/ history/presidents/wh9.html

44. Mini Question • How did Jacksonian Democracy represent a change in U.S. politics? • Jackson’s supporters became the Democratic Party. • He created the spoils system and the kitchen cabinet.

45. Mini Question • What led to the nullification crisis, and how did President Jackson respond to it? • Jackson clashed with his vice president over the Tariff of Abominations and opposed nullification.

46. Mini Question • Why did President Jackson oppose a national bank, and how did this opposition affect the economy? • He opposed the Second Bank of the U.S., • which caused inflation and the Panic of 1837.

47. Black Hawk • …ignored the removal policy in Illinois and inspired other Indian tribes to resist removal.

48. Black Hawk Helicopters

49. Indian Territory • The government had set aside __________ - a large part of present-day Oklahoma – for several Indian tribes in the Southeast.

50. Indian Removal Act • In 1830 Congress passed the __________ to force southeastern Indians to move to the territory.