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MACROECONOMICS

MACROECONOMICS. 2011 FRQ. Norman. 2011 Macroeconomics FRQ. Assume that the U.S. economy is currently in a recession in a short-run equilibrium.

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MACROECONOMICS

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  1. MACROECONOMICS 2011 FRQ Norman

  2. 2011 Macroeconomics FRQ • Assume that the U.S. economy is currently in a recession in a • short-run equilibrium. • (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the short run and long-run Phillips curves. Use the letter A to label a point that could represent the current state of the economy in recession. LRPC (b) Draw a correctly labeled graph of AD/AS in the recession and show each of the following. (i) The LR equilibrium output, labeled Y (II) The current equilibrium output and price levels, labeled Ye and PLe, respectively. SRPC Inflation A 3% 1% 8% Unemployment Rate 5% SRAS (c) To balance the federal budget, suppose that the government decides to raise income taxes while maintaining the current level of government spending. On the graph drawn in part (b), show the effect of the increase in taxes. Label the new equilibrium output and price levels Y2 and PL2, respectively. LRAS AD1 PL AD2 PL PLe E1 PL2 E2 Y2 Real GDP YE Y

  3. 2011 FRQ • (d) Assume that the Feduses monetary policy to stimulate the economy. • (i) What open-market policy should the Fed implement? • (ii) Using a correctly labeled graph of the money market show how the policy in • part (d)(i) affects nominal interest rates. • (iii) what will be the impact of the policy on the price level? Explain. The Fed should buy bonds. Dm 0 MS2 MS1 nir1 Answer to 1. (d)(i) and (ii) The Fed will buy bonds which will increase the MS [from MS1 to MS2] and decrease the nominal interest rate. Nominal Interest Rate nir2 [buy bonds] Q1 Q2 Money Market Answer to 1. (d)(iii) The lower nominal interest rate would increase quantity of investment demanded by businesses [would also increase consumption and Xn] which would increase AD. The increase in AD would increase price level.

  4. 2011 FRQ • (e) Now assume instead that the government and the Fed take no policy action in response to the recession. • (i) In the long run, will the short-run AS increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? • Explain. • (ii) In the long run, what will happen to the natural rate of unemployment? Answer to 1. (e) (i) In the long run, prices would come down, and workers would accept lower wages, decreasing resource cost to businesses, and they would hire more workers as the SRAS curve would increase. Answer to 1. (e)( ii) With the SRAS curve shifting back to the right, this would bring the economy back to equilibrium at the natural rate of employment. Because we are back to the natural rate of unemployment, it did not change in the long run.

  5. 2011 FRQ 2. Japan, the European Union, Canada, and Mexico have flexible exchange rates. (a) Suppose Japan attracts an increased amount of investment from the EU. (i) Using a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market in Japan, show the effect of the increase in foreign investment on the real interest rate in Japan. (ii) How will the real interest rate change in Japan that you identified in part (a)(i) affect the employment level in Japan in the short run? Explain. Loanable Funds Market D S1 S2 Real Interest Rate, (%) r1 E1 r2 E2 F1 F2 Quantity of Loanable Funds Answer to 2. (a) (i) & (ii) (i) As can be seen on the graph, the increased investment in Japan would result in more yen in Japan’s depository institutions, and increasing the supply of LF in Japan and decreasing the real interest rate. (ii) With the RIR decreasing in Japan, there will be more investment [a component of AD]which would increase AD and GDP, therefore increasing employment in the short run.

  6. 2. (b) Suppose in a different part of the world, the real interest rate in Canada increases relative to that in Mexico. (i) Using a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange market for the Canadian dollar, show the effect of the change in real interest rate in Canada on the international value of the Canadian dollar (expressed as Mexican pesos per Canadian dollar). (ii) How will the change in the international value of the Canadian dollar that you identified in part (b)(i) affect Canadian exports to Mexico? Explain. D1 S D2 P P/CD Answer to 2. (b)(i) The higher RIR in Canada would result in more demand for the Canadian dollar by international investors who are looking for better returns. It increases demand for the C. Dollar and appreciates that currency. P12 E2 D Peso depreciates P10 Peso Price of Canadian Dollar E1 Answer to 2. (b)(ii) The stronger Canadian dollar would make Canadian exports more expensive to Mexico, therefore decreasing Canadian exports to Mexico. 0 Qe A Quantity of Canadian Dollars

  7. 3. Sewell Bank has the simplified balance sheet below. 2011 FRQ (a) Based on Sewell Bank’s balance sheet, calculate the required reserve ratio. Answer to 3. (a) The Fed’s RR would be 20% as DD is $10,000 and RR is $2,000 and excess reserves are $0. (b) Suppose that the Fed purchases $5,000 worth of bonds from Sewell Bank. What will be the change in the dollar value of each of the following immediately after the purchase? (i) Excess reserves (ii) Demand deposit ER would be $5,000 as any loan from the Fed is ER. DD would not immediately increase as any money from the Fed is all ER.

  8. 3. [continued] 2011 FRQ 3. (c) Calculate the maximum amount that the MS can change as a result of the $5,000 purchase of bonds by the Fed. . Answer to 3. (c) The Total Money Supply could potentially change to $25,000. All of the $5,000 is ER for Sewell Bank so with a RR of 20% and a MM of 5, $5,000 x 5 = TMS of $25,000.

  9. 3. [continued] 2011 FRQ 3. (d) When the Fed purchases bonds, what will happen to the price of bonds in the open market? Explain. Answer to 3. (d) When the Fed purchases bonds, the MS increases and people buy non-money assets like bonds which pushes bond prices up and interest rates down. 3. (e) Suppose that instead of the purchase of bonds by the Fed, an individual deposits $5,000 in cash into her checking (DD) account. What is the immediate effect of the cash deposit on the M1 measure of the MS? Answer to 3. (e) No impact. It stays the same although it changes composition from $5,000 currency to $5,000 DD.

  10. Econ FRQs How To Score Well On FRQs FRQs for Dummies AP Economics Exams 2011 FRQ The End Animationeconomics.com

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