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Ch.6: International Environment: Regional Political & Economic Integration

Ch.6: International Environment: Regional Political & Economic Integration. Levels of Economic Integration. Level of Integration. Political Union. Economic Union. NAFTA. Common Market. Customs Union. Free Trade Area. EU 1992. Economic Case for Regional Integration.

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Ch.6: International Environment: Regional Political & Economic Integration

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  1. Ch.6: International Environment:Regional Political & Economic Integration

  2. Levels of Economic Integration Level ofIntegration Political Union Economic Union NAFTA Common Market Customs Union Free Trade Area EU 1992

  3. Economic Case for Regional Integration • Stimulates economic growth in countries • Countries specialize in those goods and services efficiently produced. • Additional gains from free trade beyond international agreements such as GATT and WTO.

  4. Political Case for Economic Integration • Economic interdependence creates incentives for political cooperation and reduces potential for violent confrontation. • Together, the countries have the economic clout to enhance trade with other countries or trading blocs.

  5. Political World Map

  6. Regional Economic Integration • Agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce, and ultimately remove, tariff and nontariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services and factors of production among each other.

  7. The European Union [EU]

  8. Map

  9. European Union and the US(April, 1998)

  10. EU Governance European Council European Commission 20 Commissioners appointed by members for 4 year terms Heads of State and Commission President Proposing, implementing, monitoring legislation. Resolves policy issues Sets policy direction. Council of Ministers 1 representative from each member Ultimate controlling authority. No EU laws w/o approval. European Parliament Court of Justice 630 directly elected members Propose amendments to legislation, veto power over budget and single-market legislation, appoint commissioners. 1 judge from each country Hears appeals of EU Laws.

  11. Map

  12. North American Free Trade Agreement • Became law: January 1,1994 • Over 15 year period: • tariffs reduced (99% of goods traded) • NTBs reduced • investment opportunities increased • Protects intellectual property • Applies national environmental standards • Special treatment for many industries

  13. Andean PACT Map

  14. ANCOM: Andean Pact • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela • Cartagana Agreement, 1969. One of oldest still in existence • Population: 97 mm (14% of hemisphere) • GNP: $122.6 billion • Changed from FTA to customs union in 1992

  15. Mercosur Map

  16. The Mercosur Accord • 1988: Argentina, Brazil. 1990: Paraguay, Uruguay • 1995: Agreed to move toward a full customs union. • Population: 209 mm (27% of hemisphere) • GNP: $656.6 billion (8% of hemisphere) • Trade doubled in first 3 years

  17. Other Hemisphere Associations • Central American Common Market • CARICOM • Free Trade Area of the Americas

  18. ASEAN

  19. Association of Southeast Asian Nations • Created in 1967 • 400 million citizens • Economic, political and social cooperation • Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

  20. Map

  21. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation • Founded in 1989 to ‘promote open trade and practical economic cooperation’. ‘Promote a sense of community’. • 18 members • GDP: $13 trillion (1995) • 50% of total world income • 40% of global trade

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