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Lisa Wald and Penelope Nichols USGS Pasadena Madrona K-8

Earthquakes: Waves of energy traveling through the earth What can cause earthquakes? - your predictions? . Plate movement Volcanic Activity Explosions . Causes of Earthquakes. Where do Earthquakes Occur?. Global Distribution of Earthquakes. . Lisa WaldUSGS Pasadena. U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey.

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Lisa Wald and Penelope Nichols USGS Pasadena Madrona K-8

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    1. Earthquakes 101 (EQ101) Earthquake Basics But maybe some that you havent already learned and some great pictures to go with it Overview: Global perspective Plate tectonics Faults Real-life examples of faults Fault rupture movie Earthquake shaking and effects Seismic waves, magnitude and location Faults and earthquakes in our local area earthquake info on the webEarthquake Basics But maybe some that you havent already learned and some great pictures to go with it Overview: Global perspective Plate tectonics Faults Real-life examples of faults Fault rupture movie Earthquake shaking and effects Seismic waves, magnitude and location Faults and earthquakes in our local area earthquake info on the web

    2. Earthquakes: Waves of energy traveling through the earth What can cause earthquakes? - your predictions?

    3. Plate movement Volcanic Activity Explosions

    4. Where do Earthquakes Occur? Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern

    5. Global Distribution of Earthquakes Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern

    6. Plate Tectonics Pattern of earthquakes defines the boundaries of tectonic plates About 23 major plates Can you see where we are? Boundary between two plates Well come back to this laterPattern of earthquakes defines the boundaries of tectonic plates About 23 major plates Can you see where we are? Boundary between two plates Well come back to this later

    7. Types of Earthquakes Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern Map of world Dots are earthquakes Not scattered all over the world, but make a pattern

    8. Plate Boundaries Three types of interactions between plates as they move around: Sliding past one another - transform boundary Running into one another - convergent boundary Moving away from one another - divergent boundaryThree types of interactions between plates as they move around: Sliding past one another - transform boundary Running into one another - convergent boundary Moving away from one another - divergent boundary

    9. Three Types of Faults Three types of faults Form depending on type of plate motion and complex reaction of earths lithospheric blocks Strike-slip Normal Thrust Three types of faults Form depending on type of plate motion and complex reaction of earths lithospheric blocks Strike-slip Normal Thrust

    10. Strike-slip Fault Example Strike-slip example moletrackStrike-slip example moletrack

    11. Strike-slip Fault Example Before earthquake manure pile was under window where farmer shoveled it out from inside Fault runs right under corner of barn After earthquake manure pile moved over about 10 feetBefore earthquake manure pile was under window where farmer shoveled it out from inside Fault runs right under corner of barn After earthquake manure pile moved over about 10 feet

    12. Normal Fault Example

    13. Thrust Fault Example

    14. Thrust Fault Example

    15. The San Andreas Fault

    17. Seismic Waves

    19. Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake Total distribution of slip after earthquake happened. Red is a lot of slip, blue is no slip You can see that the whole surface did not slip the same amount Nor did it slip all at the same time, as you will see in this movieTotal distribution of slip after earthquake happened. Red is a lot of slip, blue is no slip You can see that the whole surface did not slip the same amount Nor did it slip all at the same time, as you will see in this movie

    20. Slip on an earthquake fault Snapshots every 2 seconds during the rupture Starts in southern part of faultSnapshots every 2 seconds during the rupture Starts in southern part of fault

    21. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 2.0

    22. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 4.0

    23. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 6.0

    24. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 8.0

    25. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 10.0

    26. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 12.0

    27. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 14.0

    28. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 16.0

    29. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 18.0

    30. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 20.0

    31. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 22.0

    32. Slip on an earthquake fault Second 24.0

    33. What Controls the Level of Shaking? Magnitude More energy released Distance Shaking decays with distance Local soils amplify the shaking

    34. If the earth is shaking as a result of plate movement, volcanic activity, or an explosion Make predictions about what could happen before viewing the next slides

    35. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge earthquake 1994 Parking garage at Cal State NorthridgeNorthridge earthquake 1994 Parking garage at Cal State Northridge

    36. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

    37. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

    38. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

    39. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

    40. Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting

    41. Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction

    42. Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction

    43. Earthquake Effects - Landslides

    44. Earthquake Effects - Fires

    45. Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis

    48. Earthquake Magnitude

    49. Is there such a thing as Earthquake Weather???

    50. We can make predictions about WHERE earthquakes might occur BUT WE CANT YET PREDICT WHEN!

    51. Pacific-North American Plate Boundary LA on Pacific Plate San Francisco on North American Plate San Andreas Fault is boundary Relative motion Takes Big Bend above LA area and causes compression in our areaLA on Pacific Plate San Francisco on North American Plate San Andreas Fault is boundary Relative motion Takes Big Bend above LA area and causes compression in our area

    52. Earthquake Location

    53. Earthquake Location

    54. Can you lessen or even prevent the damage caused by earthquakes?

    55. Think about what you can change in your room, home, school to: 1) Lessen the harm of an earthquake 2) Deal with the aftermath of an earthquake.

    56. What do we do in case of an earthquake?

    57. Check this outand work with your family to create a Disaster Kit and Plan READY.GOV

    58. Think smart: Think ahead. Take action.

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