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Central Asia

CHAPTER 18. Central Asia. Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today. Section 1 Natural Environments. Objectives:. What are the major landforms and rivers of Central Asia? What climates, biomes, and natural resources does the region have?.

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Central Asia

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  1. CHAPTER 18 Central Asia Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today

  2. Section 1 Natural Environments Objectives: • What are the major landforms and rivers of Central Asia? • What climates, biomes, and natural resources does the region have?

  3. Section 1 Natural Environments Landforms and rivers: • mountains—Altay Shan, Tian Shan, Pamirs, Kopet-Dag • plateaus and plains—north and west from mountains • Caspian and Aral Seas • main rivers—Amu Dar’ya, Syr Dar’ya, Irtysh • lakes—Lake Balkash, Issyk-Kul

  4. Section 1 Natural Environments Climates, biomes, and natural resources: • generally harsh, arid and semi-arid climates • two large deserts—Kara-Kum and Kyzyl Kum • some evergreen and deciduous forests; grasses and shrubs at lower elevations • animals—deer, pheasants, wild boar, snow leopard, antelope, wildcats, wolves • water a key resource; some hydroelectricity • rich in energy and minerals—coal, oil, gas, copper, iron, lead, nickel, zinc

  5. Section 2 History and Culture Objectives: • How have various cultures and invaders affected the region’s history? • What are some features of Central Asian cultures?

  6. Section 2 History and Culture Central Asian history bears the imprint of many invasion and migrations. • Alexander the Great brought Greek influences in the 300s B.C. • Merchants promoted Silk Route trade. • Turkic peoples and Chinese established rule. • Arabic peoples brought Islam in 751. • Mongols conquered in 1218 and supported thriving culture. • Russians settled and built railroads. • Soviets established cotton monoculture and factories.

  7. Section 2 History and Culture Cultural features: • Turkic customs and traditions dominate the area. • Traditional activities include farming and nomadic herding, with yurts. • Around two-thirds of the people speak Turkic languages; a sizable minority speak Russian. • Islam is the main religion; Russians are Christians. • Textiles of wool and silk are a traditional art, woven into hats and carpets. • Varied foods include tea, lamb, bread, rice, and fruit.

  8. Section 3 The Region Today Objectives: • How has the economy of Central Asia changed over time? • What are the region’s cities like? • What issues must Central Asia face to improve its economy?

  9. Section 3 The Region Today Economic changes: • attempts to diversify cotton monoculture by adding new crops • mixing dryland farming with irrigation • possible development of mining and industry

  10. Section 3 The Region Today Cities: • few major cities, with few historic features • Bukhara and Tashkent—still have colorful markets, mosques • many plain, Soviet-era apartment buildings

  11. Section 3 The Region Today Issues for economic development: • location—poor access to global trade • water problems—water shortages and usage conflicts • corruption and lack of democracy • ethnic conflict and violence • environmental damage by Soviets

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