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Module I

Module I. Health, Disasters and Development. Jean Luc Poncelet PAHO/WHO. Agenda -. 1- Introduction: Health, Disasters and Development 2- New actors in Risk Management. Part I- Introduction. Objective. Review of a few definitions

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Module I

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  1. Module I Health, Disasters and Development Jean Luc Poncelet PAHO/WHO

  2. Agenda - 1- Introduction: Health, Disasters and Development 2- New actors in Risk Management

  3. Part I- Introduction

  4. Objective • Review of a few definitions • Describe the conceptual relation between health, emergencies, disasters, development and risk management. • Describe the context

  5. Disasters • What does the term “disaster” refer to? • Sudden-impact event, natural or man-made. • In combination with loss of life and/or economic loss • Exceed the response capacity

  6. Preparedness • Ensure that appropriate systems, procedures, and resources are in place to provide prompt, effective assistance to disaster victims.

  7. Mitigation • Reduce the vulnerability of the system. • Intend that disasters don’t occur.

  8. Risk Risk ƒVulnerability. Hazard Where?: • “Hazard” refers to the natural or man-made event. • “Vulnerability” refers to the susceptibility of a population or system of being affect by hazards.

  9. Disaster Management ><Risk Management • Disaster approach: avoid the effects of what happened • Risk: reduce the effects of what could happen

  10. Firemen Immediate solution Preparation Response Planner Medium or long term solution Mitigation prevention Emergency>< development

  11. Relation between development and disasters? • Disasters are not natural, they are the result of the failure of development. • Risk analysis is the first step to reduce the long-term effects of a disaster.

  12. Disasters and development Mitigation and preparedness Preparedness and response Response 1976 Earthquake in Guatemala 1985 Earthquake in Mexico 1998 Hurricane Mitch Evolution in the region

  13. Health, Disasters and Development

  14. Disasters and Risk are part of Health • WHO’s constitution defines: • Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.

  15. Conclusions: • Definitions are essential to define the scope, budget and leadership of any program

  16. Comments?

  17. Context and Tendencies in Risk Management

  18. Tendencies in the Region • Reduction of the state and decentralization • Augmentation of inequities between poor and rich • Increased population • Industrial development • Social conflicts?

  19. Resources • In general the required expertise exists but is limited in quantity • Rare exceptions: cholera 1990 the Americas • Lack of access to the decision level

  20. New standards/ references ? • Sphere Project • Hospital accreditation • Construction codes • Laws • ...

  21. New tendencies • Growing interest of the private sector • A substantial increase of the knowledge in each sub-specialty • Creation of a disaster and risk management culture • Fragmentation of powers and capacities • Less authority by mandate more leadership required

  22. Are we prepared for this new context?

  23. Disaster and Risk Management? • Construct the leadership before the event • Know the risks in order to limit them • Mobilize resources • Information access and analysis • Evaluation and reports

  24. References • CRID Thesaurus • www.crid.or.cr/crid/index.htm • OCHA Dictionary • Sphere • www.sphereproject.org • Laws • www.disaster.info.desastres.net/PED-Ecuador/desastre.html (legislation)

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