Linux Operations and Administration

1. Linux Operations and Administration Professor Sabol

2. Objectives • Describe key features of GUI and command-line text editors available in Linux • Use the vim editor to create and edit text files

3. Text Editors in Linux • Text editor • Program used to create and edit plain text files • Not same as word processor • Main purpose: to create a file to be used by another program, for example: • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for a Web browser • Source code that a compiler can process • Shell script • Text file containing a sequence of commands

4. Text Editors in Linux (cont’d.) • Two types of text editors: • Command-line editors • GUI editors

5. GUI Text Editors in Linux • Linux GUI text editors • Similar to Notepad in Windows • Advantage: • Select and edit text quickly with the mouse • Widely used GUI text editors: • KWrite • Gedit

6. KWrite: A GUI Text Editor for KDE • Also called programmer’s editor for the K Desktop Environment • To start: • Type kwrite at a command prompt • Opens a new empty file in Kwrite • Use Kickoff Application Launcher button • Advanced features: • Syntax highlighting to display text in different colors and fonts for programming languages • Bookmarks are markers placed on certain lines to help navigate through a text file

7. KWrite: A GUI Text Editor for KDE (cont’d.) Figure 4-1 KDE’s KWrite text editor

8. KWrite: A GUI Text Editor for KDE (cont’d.) • Activity 4-1: Exploring the KWrite Text Editor • Explore features of the KWrite text editor

9. Gedit: A GUI Text Editor for GNOME • GUI text editor included with GNOME • To start • Open a terminal window, type gedit, and press Enter • Syntax highlighting options • Plain text • Sources • Scripts • Others • Markup • Scientific

10. Gedit: A GUI Text Editor for GNOME (cont’d.) Figure 4-2 GNOME’s gedit text editor

11. Gedit: A GUI Text Editor for GNOME (cont’d.) • Activity 4-2: Exploring the Gedit Text Editor • Learn features of the Gedit text editor

12. Getting Started with the Vim Editor • vi command-line text editor • Included with most versions of UNIX and Linux • Learning curve • Knowing how to use it is crucial • vi has evolved into many different forms • vim • Stands for “vi improved” • vi command is now linked to the vim command

13. Getting Started with the Vim Editor (cont’d.) • Modular editor • Runs in different operational modes • Command mode • Use key combinations as commands instead of typing text • Insert mode • Typed text is displayed onscreen • Extend mode • Used for more advanced commands, such as saving files, exiting vim, or searching and replacing text

14. Starting Vim • Type vim and press Enter • Type vim filename and press Enter • If the file doesn’t exist, vim creates an empty file with this filename • Figure 4-3 • Window displayed after you start vim • Tilde (~) • Represents blank or empty lines in the file

15. Starting Vim (cont’d.) The vim text editor

16. Command Mode • Command mode • Chosen automatically when starting vim • Table 4-1 • Advanced navigational commands in vim

17. Table 4-1 Advanced vim navigational commands Linux Operations and Administration

18. Table 4-1 Advanced vim navigational commands (continued ) Linux Operations and Administration 18

19. Command Mode (cont’d.) • Activity 4-3: Using Vim in Command Mode • Use navigational commands in vim

20. Insert Mode • Must be in insert mode to type text • Change to insert mode with one of the commands in Table 4-2 • vim editor displays -- INSERT -- at the lower left • To indicate insert mode • Press the Esc key to change back to command mode

21. Insert Mode (cont’d.) Table 4-2 Commands for entering insert mode

22. Insert Mode (cont’d.) Figure 4-4 The vim editor in insert mode

23. Modifying Text • Modify text using the keyboard instead of the mouse • Table 4-3 • Commands for modifying text in vim • Must be in command mode • Activity 4-4: Using Vim in Insert Mode • Change to insert mode and modify text in vim

24. Modifying Text (cont’d.) Table 4-3 Commands for modifying text

25. Deleting Text • Table 4-4 • Lists commands for deleting text in vim

26. Deleting Text (cont’d.) Table 4-4 Commands for deleting text

27. Cut, Yank, and Paste • Cut text • Store text in a buffer • Paste text • Move from buffer to cursor location • Yank (copy) text • Keep in current location and copy to buffer • Table 4-5 • Commands used to yank and paste text in vim

28. Cut, Yank, and Paste (cont’d.) Table 4-5 Commands for yanking and pasting text

29. Undo Commands • Undo changes • Type u • Keep typing u until you have reached your oldest change • Activity 4-5: Modifying Text in Vim • Delete, cut, copy, and paste text in vim

30. Extended Mode • Offers advanced features • Save and quit • Search and replace • Customization options • Enter extended mode • Type the : symbol • Table 4-6 • Describes commands for saving files and exiting vim

31. Extended Mode (cont’d.) Table 4-6 Extended mode commands for saving and exiting

32. Extended Mode (cont’d.) Table 4-7 Extended mode commands to search for and replace text

33. Useful Commands • Table 4-8 • Commands for extended mode • Activity 4-6: Using Vim in Extended Mode • Use vim commands in extended mode

34. Useful Commands (cont’d.) Table 4-8 Additional extended mode commands

35. Summary • Linux GUI text editors • Easy to use • Comparable with Windows Notepad • vim text editor • Available with every major distribution of UNIX and Linux • Operates in several different modes • Insert mode • Command mode • Extended mode

36. Summary (cont’d.) • Command-line text editor • Use a variety of keys and key combinations in vim to perform operations