Divisive Politics of Slavery: Missouri Compromise and Secession

1. Do Now: Vocabulary Quiz • Define the following words using the ACE method: • 1) Secession: • 2) Popular Sovereignty: • 3)Confederacy:

2. Chapter 4-1: The Divisive Politics of Slavery

3. Video: The Missouri Compromise

4. Video Questions: Answer and Discuss • 1) Identify the goal of the Missouri Compromise • 2) How effective of a “compromise” do you think the Missouri compromise was? • 2) Based on what the song taught you about the Missouri Compromise, what can you infer about race relations/general relations in our country in the 1850’s? • 3) How “ethical” do you feel the Missouri Compromise was? Do you think there is a way we could have more ethically compromised as a nation to avoid war?

5. Differences Between the North and South • Slavery divides the nation. North and South enter a long and destructive civil war that ends slavery. African Americans briefly enjoy full civil rights, but new laws discriminate against them. Controversy over Slavery Worsens • Southern plantation economy relies on enslaved labor • Industrialized North does not depend on slavery • South tries to spread slavery in West • North’s opposition to slavery intensifies, tries to stop its spread

6. Slavery in the Territories Statehood for California • California applies for statehood as free state in 1849; angers South The Compromise of 1850 • Slave state Texas claims eastern half of New Mexico Territory • Southern states threaten secession—withdrawal from Union • Compromise of 1850 has provisions for both sides • California becomes free state; tougher fugitive slave law enacted • Popular sovereignty, or vote, decides slavery issue in NM, Utah

7. Protest, Resistance and Violence Fugitive Slave Act • Slaves denied trial by jury; helpers fined and imprisoned • Northerners defy Act, help send slaves to safety in Canada The Underground Railroad • Abolitionists develop Underground Railroad—escape routes from South • Harriet Tubman is conductor on 19 trips to free African Americans Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe increases protests

8. The Underground Railroad (A Map)

9. Protests, Resistance and Violence Continued Tension in Kansas and Nebraska • Kansas, Nebraska territories north of 3630’ line, closed to slavery • 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery “Bleeding Kansas” • Proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in Kansas • Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas Violence in the Senate • Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew Butler • Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate floor

10. New Political Parties Emerge Slavery Divides Whigs • Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852 • Northern, Southern Whigs split over slavery in territories • Nativist Know-Nothings also split by region over slavery The Free-Soilers’ Voice • Free-Soilers fear slavery will drive down wages of white workers The New Republican Party • Republican Party forms in 1854; oppose slavery in territories • Democrat James Buchanan elected president (1856); secession averted

11. Compare: Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan Franklin Pierce James Buchanan In your notes make a T Chart that compares the “Legacy” of these two lesser known Presidents

12. Conflict Leads to Secession The Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott, a slave taken to free territory by owner, claims freedom • Supreme Court denies appeal; Scott has no legal rights, not a citizen • North angry; South reads ruling as guaranteed extension of slavery Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 1858 Senate race between Senator Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln • Douglas wants popular sovereignty to decide if state is free or slave • Lincoln considers slavery immoral; wants constitutional amendment

13. Conflict Leads to Secession Harper’s Ferry • John Brown leads group to arsenal to start slave uprising (1859) • Troops put down rebellion; Brown is tried, executed Lincoln Is Elected President • 1860, Lincoln beats 3 candidates, wins no southern electoral votes Southern Secession • 7 states secede after Lincoln’s victory; form Confederacy in 1861 • Former senator Jefferson Davis elected president of Confederacy

15. Video Clip: John Brown’s Raid Discussion Question: Was John Brown a national hero or an embarrassing failure?

16. Homework: Heritage or Hate ?!? • Read the article: “Heritage or Hate” which discusses the role of the Confederate Flag as a symbol of the Confederacy and it’s history as a symbol of pride for southern states • Answer the guided reading questions #1-14 (Due Monday) • Vocabulary Chapter 4-2 (Expect a quiz next class) • Read the Dred Scott Decision on pgs 166-167 in your book and answer the following questions in your notebook: • 1) What was the Court Ruling about Dred Scott? • 2)How did the Court go beyond the fate of Scott in its opinion • 3)What reasoning did Justice Taney use in his decision? • 4) How did the Dred Scott decision influence American history?

17. Activity: Dred Scott vs Sanford 1857 • Independently: Read the Dred Scott vs Sandford Case on pgs 166-167 in your text book. In your notebook answer the following questions about the case: • 1) What was the Court Ruling about Dred Scott? • 2)How did the Court go beyond the fate of Scott in its opinion • 3)What reasoning did Justice Taney use in his decision? • 4) How did the Dred Scott decision influence American history?

18. Homework: • Read article: “Heritage or Hate” and answer the questions on the provided handout. • Be prepared to discuss next class. • Chapter 4-2 ACE Vocabulary • Read the Document: The Inagural Address of the President of the Provisional Government. Take reading notes and answer the question at the top of the document in paragraph form.

19. Do Now • What flag is this? • What is the historical significance of this flag? • What does this flag represent today? • Should this flag be considered a symbol of heritage or hatred? Explain your answer….

20. Video Questions: Dred Scott vs Sanford • 1) Describe the major issue in the Dred Scott vs Sanford Case • 2) What was the ruling of the Dred Scott Case? • 3) What was the IMPACT of the Dred Scott Case on the situation in the United States?

21. Do Now • Take out your questions from the reading “Heritage or Hate”. • Get with a partner (someone close to you) and answer question 15 (Think-Pair-Share). Be prepared to share out your conversation.

22. So Where Did We Leave Off?

23. Discussion Questions: • What do you think the Impact of Secession will be on the nation as a whole? What will the impact be on specific groups (southerners, slaves, business owners, plantation owners) • Should the North have tried harder to APPEASE the south to keep them in the Union? • Is a war necessary to keep the country together or are there other steps we could take as a nation?

24. Chapter 4-2: The civil war begins

25. Union and Confederate Forces Clash • Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede from the Union, war begins between the North and South. Southern States Take Sides • 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston falls; Lincoln calls for volunteers • 4 more slave states join Confederacy • Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in Union Strengths and Strategies • Northern strengths: more people, factories, food production • Southern strengths: cotton, good generals, motivated soldiers • Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two, capture Richmond

26. Union and Confederate Forces Clash (Cont) The War for the Capitals • Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate Army in 1862: — drives General George McClellan from Richmond — loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle • McClellan removed from command, lets battered Confederates withdraw

27. The Politics of War Britain Remains Neutral • Britain does not need cotton, does need Northern goods Proclaiming Emancipation • Emancipation Proclamation empowers army to free Confederate slaves • Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no longer possible Both Sides Face Political Dissent • Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas corpus to suppress disloyalty, dissent

28. Life During Wartime War Leads to Social Upheaval • Casualties, desertions lead to conscription on both sides • Conscription—draft that forces men to enlist; leads to draft riots African Americans Fight for Freedom • African Americans are 1% of North’s population, 10% of army • Serve in separate regiments, paid less than whites for most of war Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides • Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical care • Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of malnutrition, disease

29. Life During Wartime (Continued) Women Work to Improve Conditions • Thousands of women serve as nurses for both sides • Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American Red Cross The War Affects Regional Economies • Confederacy faces food shortage, increased prices, inflation • Union army’s need for supplies supports Northern industry • North’s standard of living declines • Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income) to pay for war

30. Classtime Activity: Twitter War • Knowing the views and opinions from both sides of the war, create a short Twitter war between the Union and the Confederacy. You can use characters from both areas (i.e. Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln) or just a generic name. Fill the “tweeter” paper with popular trends (#rebellion) and figures from the time period in the Following section. Use at least 5 vocabulary terms from chapters 4-1 and 4-2 (underline vocabulary words). SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin: P.U Lincoln is Stinkin. It’s time to start our own country #confederatepride #slavery4thewin North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841: What a sore loser! U don’t get ur way so you throw a temper tantrum. #Growup #Growurowncrops SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin: Typical yankee hater. Why would I #growmyowncrops when I can have slaves do it 4 free? #secede2succeed North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841:Good luck with that. You’re all cotton and no factories. #2lazy2plant #2lazy2fight

31. Activity: Creating a Civil War Map • You will be using your book and your knowledge of the Civil War events to create an interactive map of major Civil War events. • Please be sure to include a key and ensure that the map is clearly labeled to include all parts. • This is not group work, each person much turn in their own map, although you may share supplies or books as needed. • Voice levels should be low, however, quiet talking will be permitted as long as it does not take away from the work being completed.

32. Homework: Did the Emancipation Proclamation Free the Slaves? • Read the Emancipation Proclamation on page 172 in your textbook. • Read the article: Did the Emancipation Proclamation Really Free the Slaves? Reading Quiz Friday • After reading this document, take a position (yes or no) and write a 1 page justification of your answer using evidence from the text. Put on a separate page (not in your notebook). Due next class. • Vocabulary 4-2 and 4-3 (Chapter 4 Vocabulary Quiz next week Wednesday)

33. Emancipation….well kinda

34. Video Questions: Answer and Discuss • Why does Mr Betts infer that the Emancipation Proclamation only “kinda” freed the slaves? • What effect do you think this Proclamation is going to have on the Civil War? • Does Lincoln deserve to get credit for abolishing slavery? Why or why not?

35. Chapter 4-3: The North takes charge

36. The Tide Turns • After four years of bloody fighting, the Union wears down the Confederacy and wins the war. Southern Victories • December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863, Chancellorsville The Battle of Gettysburg • North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, July 1863 • Total casualties were more than 30%; South demoralized The Gettysburg Address • Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at cemetery dedication • Speech helps country realize it is a unified nation

37. Did Lincoln Have a Little Help writing the Gettsyburg Address?

38. The Tide Turns (Continued) Grant Wins at Vicksburg • May-July 1863, Grant sieges Vicksburg after unsuccessful attacks

39. Do Now: Study for Reading Quiz

40. Reading Quiz • 1) In Lincoln’s Gettsyburg Address what ideas did Lincoln express about the United States? • 2) According to Stewart’s article, how did radical Democrats during the Civil War view the act of secession? • 3) Do you believe the Gettsyburg Address should go down as one of the most famous speeches of all time. Use evidence from the reading to back up your answer.

41. Chapter 4-3 Continued The Confederacy Wears Down

42. I’m a Good Ole Rebel: Confederate Civil War Songs • 1) What tone does this song suggest that the Confederates have towards the Union (or the Yankees?) • 2) Do you think songs like this helped to boost the morale of the Confederate Army? • 2) Does this song suggest that the Confederates will be willing to Compromise with the Union at the end of the Civil War?

43. The Confederacy Wears Down Confederates Seek Peace • Confederacy no longer able to attack; works toward armistice • Southern newspapers, legislators, public call for peace Total War • Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union Armies (1864) • Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as Western commander • Grant, Sherman wage total war to destroy South’s will to fight • Grant’s strategy to decimate Lee’s army while Sherman raids Georgia

44. The Confederacy Wears Down Sherman’s March • Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of destruction through Georgia The Election of 1864 • Lincoln’s unexpected reelection helped by Sherman’s victories The Surrender at Appomatox • April 1865, Grant, Lee sign surrender at Appomatox Court House • Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapses

45. The War Changes the Nation Human Cost of the War • Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die Political and Economic Changes • Civil War increases power, authority of federal government • Southern economy shattered: industry, farmlands destroyed A Revolution in Warfare • Developments in military technology make fighting more deadly • Ironclad ships change naval warfare

46. The War Changes Lives The Thirteenth Amendment • Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery in all states Lincoln Is Assassinated • April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Ford’s Theater • Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, trapped by Union cavalry, shot • 7 million people pay respects to Lincoln’s funeral train

47. 60 Second Presidents: Abraham Lincoln

48. The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

49. Quickwrite: Lincoln’s Legacy • “Only the Good Die Young” Do you think Lincoln’s untimely assassination affects his legacy as one of the greatest presidents of all time? Why or why not? Defend your answer.

50. Civil War Map Activity • This is the final day to turn in your Civil War Map Activity take the rest of class to finish up this activity and turn it in. If not completed you will need to complete it for homework.