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Semi-periphery of Europe: the Islamic World

Semi-periphery of Europe: the Islamic World. dr. Jeney László Senior lecturer jeney@elte.hu. Economic Geography I. International Business bachelor study programme (BA) Spring term 2015/2016. CUB Centre of Economic Geography and Futures Studies. Concept and delimitation of Islamic World.

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Semi-periphery of Europe: the Islamic World

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  1. Semi-periphery of Europe: the Islamic World dr. Jeney László Senior lecturer jeney@elte.hu Economic Geography I. International Business bachelor study programme (BA) Spring term 2015/2016. CUB Centre of Economic Geography and Futures Studies

  2. Concept and delimitation of Islamic World Arab World < Islam World < Islam countries < Islam communities Area: 25 mn km2 (17%)  WR1 Population: 850 mn (12%) Subregions: Northern Africa Maghreb + Sahara Near East Arab peninsula Fertile Crescent Anatolia Central Asia Iranian territories 2 2

  3. The only one cultural world region on two continents • 3 • 3

  4. Main features of Islam religion 5 pillars of Islam: Testimony (Shahadah) Prayer (Ṣalāt) Alms-giving (Zakat) Fasting (Sawm of Ramadan) Pilgrimage to Mecca (ḥajj) (+ Jihad?) Islamic schools and branches Sunni Islam (87–90%): more general – importance of the Written Sunnah in theological questions Shia Islam (10–13%): Iran, SE Iraq – importance of religious leader (imam) Kharijites (Ibadi) : Oman – predominance of religion against the secular arm 4 4

  5. Economy in the Islamic World Arid climate + conquests  no success based on agriculture  minor role of agriculture Plants: Mediterranean coast + oasis in desert + along the rivers (Nile, Tiger, Euphrates) Animals: nomadic economy (sheep, goat), religious restraint of pig Traditional commerce Lack of industry Early industrialization  diversified industrial structure only in Turkey (from 1930s) and Egypt (from 1950s with Soviet help ) Egypt: Canal of Suez Money from guest workers: 6–7 Bn $ (typical banking system) Tourism: Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Turkey (Libya?) 5 5

  6. Oil and Natural Gas Resources Oil and gas industry of Libya Early 1960s: discovery of new oil deposits Export of Libya: crude oil 70% + raffinates products 15% Huge oil and gas production: W36% Natural gas production W19%, natural gas reserves 45% Not all the countries major producers: Morocco, Turkey, Israel, Jordan: produce no oil Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Yemen: modest amount Oil importing countries  high prices  debt Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: OPEC 6 6

  7. Estimated Proven Reserves of Oil • Common share: 65.3 % of world reserves • Largest share: Saudi Arabia: 20% • Largest countries: OPEC member states • OPEC members: not only countries from the Islamic World (Venezuela, Nigeria, Angola, Ecuador) 7 7

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