1 / 51

Chapter 28 Conservatism Revived, 1980–1992

Chapter 28 Conservatism Revived, 1980–1992. I. A New Conservative Coalition. The End of the New Deal Coalition Splinter of black, urban ethnic, and white working class voters Economy changes working class politics Growth of the Religious Right

rcharles
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 28 Conservatism Revived, 1980–1992

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 28 Conservatism Revived, 1980–1992

  2. I. A New Conservative Coalition The End of the New Deal Coalition • Splinter of black, urban ethnic, and white working class voters • Economy changes working class politics Growth of the Religious Right • Growth of “born again” fundamentalists in 70s • Jerry Falwell turns this into “Moral Majority Movement

  3. I. A New Conservative Coalition (cont’d.) • Economic Conservatives: • pro-business policies • Activist U.S. Chamber of Commerce • deregulation, corporation/wealthy tax cuts • Reagan taps into tax revolt of 1970s: • gains support of white “Reagan Democrats”

  4. p841

  5. I. A New Conservative Coalition (cont’d.) Election of 1980 • Wins 51% of vote • Begins era of Republican rule (1981 to ‘93)

  6. II. Reagan’s Conservative Agenda • Reagan former New Deal Democrat, SAG leader, B-actor, GE spokesperson, CA governor • Harsh rhetoric, pragmatic politics • Rejects liberalism: • USG active in economy and social welfare • Discounts ability of USG to solve poverty

  7. Figure 28-1 p844

  8. II. Reagan’s Conservative Agenda (cont’d.) Attacks on Social Welfare Programs • Taps white backlash (“welfare queen” story) • Cuts $25 billion from AFDC/ food stamps, ’81 • Faces resistance to cuts in: • Social Security and Medicare • because it benefits all Americans • To spur corporate profits, weaken: • environmental/health/safety regulations

  9. II. Reagan’s Conservative Agenda (cont’d.) Pro-Business Policies and the Environment • Advocated Deregulation • “Sagebrush Rebellion” in the West Attacks on Organized Labor • Unions suffer because: • Reagan supports management over labor • deindustrialization weakens unions

  10. II. Reagan’s Conservative Agenda (cont’d.) The New Right • In 1980, campaign on “family values”: • supports school prayer • opposes legal abortions • Makes judiciary more conservative: • Court allows abortion restrictions

  11. III. “Reaganomics” Supply-Side Economics • tax cuts for corporations and rich • will stimulate growth by: • more investment/businesses/jobs • economic growth will balance budget

  12. III. “Reaganomics” (cont’d.) Supply Side Economics • Massive tax cut ($750 billion): • “trickle down” theory • Greatly expand defense spending • Result = huge deficits • Triple national debt to $2.9 trillion • 1992: budget deficit = 5 times 1980 amount

  13. III. “Reaganomics” (cont’d.) “Morning in America” • Reelection helped by: • economic growth by 1984 • drop in unemployment • http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1984 Deregulation • Reagan vastly expands deregulation: • cuts SEC enforcement and regulation of Savings and Loans • result = wave of risky investments/ fraud • corruption in Savings and Loans cost taxpayers ½ trillion

  14. p845

  15. III. “Reaganomics” (cont’d.) The Rich Get Richer • richest 1% gain 77% • bottom 40% get poorer • Massive increase in CEO salaries • Middle-class incomes stagnant • 1990: top 20% control 80% of wealth • Reagan increases tax rates for poor by 16%

  16. Figure 28-2 p847

  17. IV. Reagan and the World Soviet-American Tension • A traditional Cold Warrior: • “evil empire” source of problems • rejects détente and • Largest peacetime buildup: • double military budget (1980 to 1985) • Spend billions more on SDI (1983): • assume build up and SDI will intimidate USSR

  18. IV. Reagan and the World (cont’d.) Reagan Doctrine • View 3rd World via Cold War lens • Escalate aid to Mujahidin in Afghanistan • El Salvador: • rebels challenge • military government and its death squads • Reagan send $6 billion to government

  19. IV. Reagan and the World (cont’d.) Contra War in Nicaragua • Sandinistas (leftist nationalists): • topple pro-US dictator / want to reduce US influence in Nicaragua • Reagan’s CIA form contras in 1981 • Destructive civil war develop • https://screen.yahoo.com/president-reagan-mastermind-000000075.html

  20. IV. Reagan and the World (cont’d.) Iran Contra Scandal • Breaks, 1986: • 1984, Congress bans funding to contras • Reagan authorizes secret funding from others • illegal weapon sales to Iran also fund contras • destroys documents • lies to Congress • reduces Reagan’s popularity • Bush pardons those convicted, 1992

  21. IV. Reagan and the World (cont’d.) U.S. Interests in the Middle East • Oil/ Israel/ blocking USSR • Growing Islamic fundamentalism • Israeli-PLO violence: • undermines peace hopes • Israel invade Lebanon (1982): • Reagan sends Marines in • withdraws after 1983 bombing Terrorism • Anti-Israel and anti-USA terrorism increase • Palestinian intifada starts, 1987

  22. IV. Reagan and the World (cont’d.) Perestroika and Glasnost • Soviet reforms: economic restructuring & openness • 1987 INF Treaty bans some European missiles • Gorbachev act unilaterally to: • reduce military • withdraw from Afghanistan

  23. p851

  24. V. American Society in the 1980s “Culture Wars” • Social divisions deepen • Fundamentalist Christianity grow • Some enter politics: • Falwell (Moral Majority, 1979) • base society and public ed on “God’s law” • challenge teaching of evolution (Scopes Trial…)

  25. Figure 28-3 p853

  26. p853

  27. p854

  28. V. American Society in the 1980s (cont’d.) The AIDS Epidemic • AIDS partly byproduct of drug crisis • USG responds slowly New Immigrants from Asia • 1970–90: more than 13 million immigrants • Big increase in Asian immigration • 3 times to 3% of population by 1990

  29. p855

  30. VI. The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder George Herbert Walker Bush • Republican attack ads dominate campaign • Bush defeat Dukakis with 53% of vote • Focus on foreign policy Pro-Democracy Movement • Tiananmen Square (1989): • China slaughter pro-democracy protesters • South Africa ends apartheid: • because of sanctions and internal unrest • Mandela elected as first black president (1994)

  31. p857

  32. p858

  33. VI. The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder (cont’d.) Collapse of Soviet Power • Gorbachev = key figure: • set off changes that end Cold War • no longer prop up unpopular governments • Communist governments collapse in Eastern Europe • East Germans topple government, 1989 • Germanys unite, 1990 • USSR disintegrates (1991) into Russia, etc. • Gorbachev loses power

  34. VI. The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder (cont’d.) Costs of Victory • Arms race and foreign interventions: • cost trillions • starve domestic needs (infrastructure, ed) • START I and II (’91,‘93) = big cuts in ICBMs • Under Bush, no“peace dividend”: • high defense budgets • overseas interventions • invade Panama (1989) • topple former ally Noriega over drug trade

  35. VI. The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder (cont’d.) Saddam Hussein’s Gamble • Anti-Iranian ally in 1980s • Invade Kuwait (1990) • Threaten Saudi Arabia Operation Desert Storm • Bush builds coalition to oust Iraq from Kuwait • 1991 Desert Storm • Hussein remains in power • USA and UN impose limits on his power: • arms and economic embargoes • “no-fly” zones in Iraq

  36. p860

More Related