Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology

1. Youth Forum:Ethics of Science and Technology Palangpon Kongsaeree, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

2. New technology raises ethical issues! • Knowledge-based society • Capitalism • economy-driven scientific development • profit-driven science • Information technology

3. Scientific Experimental Data

4. Experimental errors from negligence • Competitive : Rush to publication • (hiring/promotion/grant support/hot topics) • Bias/misconception: misinterpretation • Oversight of students • Selective report of data

5. Research results: permanently maintained and made available • Data available to advisors/collaborators • Prior to publication, co-author can examine • a manuscript • Unwilling to accept responsibility should not • be a co-author • After publication, original data should be • maintained and available to others

6. New technology raises ethical issues! July 25, 2003 July 25, 1978 Test-tube baby In vitro fertilization 1981: USA 2004: 100,000+ cases 1932 Huxley 2005 Rodney Copperbottom Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25th,2005 P. Kongsaeree

7. 2000: Cloning ? 2010: Cloning ? 2020: Cloning ? 2030: Cloning ? 2040: …………?

9. Asimov's Laws of Robotics Law One: 1. Robots must never harm human beings or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Law Two: Robots must follow instructions from humans without violating rule 1. Law Three: Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules.

10. Nanotechnology: The good …….. What’s the bad? 1966, Richard Fleischer • Nanomedicine ????? • products with atomic precision • nanowaste http://www.foresight.org Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25th,2005 P. Kongsaeree

11. Modern Drug Discovery • $30 billion in annual R&D spending and $150 billion in product sales • reinvest an average of 20% of their sales dollars in new product development. GlaxoSmithKline : $29.0 billion /R&D $4.577 billion 480848 (atherosclerosis) Etaquine (malaria prophylaxis) Talnetant (irritable bowel syndrome) 572016 (solid tumors) Nelarabine (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas) 353162 (antidepressant) 274150 (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Cervarix (human papillomavirus vaccine) Pfizer: $39.631 billion/ R&D $7.131 billion Lipitor/torcetrapib (atherosclerosis) Edotecarin (topoisomerase inhibitor for cancer) Roflumilast (obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) Exubera (inhaled insulin system for diabetes) Capravirine (HIV/AIDS) Macugen (macular degeneration) Lasofoxifene (osteoporosis) Asenapine (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) Johnson & Johnson :$19.517 billion / R&D : $4.68 billion Paliperidone ER (schizophrenia) Remicade (gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases) Procrit (anemia) Levaquin (infectious disease) Doxil (cancers) OROS hydromorphone (chronic pain) Reopro (cardiovascular) Dapoxetine (premature ejaculation) Roche: $16.97 billion / R&D $3.75 billion R744 (cancer-related anemia) R873 (male erectile dysfunction) R1558 (bacterial infection) R1628 (rheumatoid arthritis) R1496 (obesity) R1497 (Parkinson’s disease) R1454 (solid tumors) R411 (asthma) Modern Drug Discovery, Vol 7, October 2004.

12. Tropical diseases: Curses of the poor Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25th,2005 P. Kongsaeree

13. Learn from our past mistakes. History always repeats itself. • Past failures to consider environmental consequences early have been costly: • semiconductor industry (metals, solvents) • synthetic chemicals (PCB, DDT, Freon) • applications of natural compounds (chlorine, asbestos) • transportation, energy (air pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes) Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25th,2005 P. Kongsaeree

14. Small adjustments early in the trajectory of a • technology have large consequences. • Must introduce the environmental perspective • early into the culture of emerging technologies • Advancement in multidisciplinary science: • More complex science ethical • Preventive measurements

15. Ethics for the YOUTH : Education + Education + Education (What to do and what not to do) : Information technology – The Internet : Think Globally, act LOCALLY Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25th,2005 P. Kongsaeree

16. All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten" • Robert Fulghum • These are the things I learned: • Share everything. • Play fair. • Don't hit people. • Put things back where you found them. • Clean up your own mess. • Don't take things that aren't yours. • Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody. • Wash your hands before you eat. • Flush. • Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. • Live a balanced life - learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work every day some. • Take a nap every afternoon. • When you go out in the world, watch out for traffic, hold hands and stick together. • Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the Styrofoam cup: the roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that. • Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the Styrofoam cup - they all die. So do we. • And then remember the Dick-and-Jane books and the first word you learned - the biggest word of all - LOOK