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Political and Economic Dynamics in Argentina: From Military Control to Democracy (1930–2009)

This analysis explores the political evolution of Argentina from the 1930s to the late 2000s, detailing the history of military coups, the rise and fall of Juan Perón and Isabel Perón, and the enduring influence of Peronismo. The narrative highlights significant events such as the Falklands War, the transition to democracy, and the economic challenges faced by Argentina, including hyperinflation and class struggles. The impact of social policies and human rights abuses during military regimes are examined along with the shifts toward a democratic state in the 1980s.

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Political and Economic Dynamics in Argentina: From Military Control to Democracy (1930–2009)

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  1. Argentina Charlie Cappelli, Gabe Rosiak, and Alexandra Gordon

  2. ARGENTINA 1930’s – 1970’s Post – Independence

  3. Political Pattern of rule has been military control suppressing demands of the poor • Coup of 1930 • Modeled government after European fascists • GOU (Grupo de OficialesUnidos) seizes power in 1943 • Nazi affiliation • Nazi network took refuge in Argentina • Last American country to declare war on Germany

  4. Political – Juan Perón • Observed Mussolini • Gained popular appeal • October 1945  imprisoned by senior officers for a week • Eva Duarte (Evita) led demonstration of workers • Eva and Juan got married • 1946 Perón elected • Populist party terrorized opposing party • Reelected in 1951 Perón loses populist support • Set up for another military coup • September 1955  exiled to Spain

  5. Political – Juan Perón cont. • September 1973  reelected again • Isabel on same ticket as vice president • Dies of heart attack after nine months, Isabel succeeds him • Isabel Perón in power for two years • 1976  another military coup • General Jorge Videla – most oppressive regime • Purges called “disappearances” • Left wing opponents murdered • Abducted and killed by armed men

  6. Economic • Perón’s leftist policies • Nationalized banks and railways • Spends state money to speed up industrialization • Perón’s reelection in 1951 • Collapsing economy • Isabel Perón in power for two years • Collapsing economy continues • Inflation at annual rate of 600%

  7. Social • Perón’s leftist policies • Social welfare • Eva founds agency distributing benefits to the poor – seen as angel of mercy • Perón’s reelection in 1951 • Increasing repression • Peronistas – promise of a more just society • Justicialismo: social welfare program • Represented views of unrepresented class • Perón’s reelection in 1973 • Disregard of civil liberties • Disappearances • Victims: workers in industrial centers, students, pregnant women and children

  8. Disappearances http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqF7d5JnHwo

  9. ARGENTINA 1980’s – 2009 Post – Perón

  10. Political Moving away from military command to a Republic • 1981  General LeopoldoGaltieri • April 2, 1982  Falkland Wars • Naval battle – Argentine victory • Argentina surrenders when Britain retakes islands • Shows military regime unpopular • October 1983 RaúlAlfonsín won elections • Father of current state of democracy • Peronista candidate: Carlos Menem wins next elections • Convicted Generals freed

  11. Political Cont. • December 1990  pattern of military intervention stops • Military coup stopped • Four year terms established, two consecutive terms allowed • Election in 1995  Menem wins another term • Peronistas remain largest single party • Election 1999  Fernando de la Rua • Peronista government is present in modern day • Elections of Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

  12. Economic • Peronista candidate: Carlos Menem wins next elections • State enterprises privatized • Move toward free market economy • Inflation falls, unemployment rises • June 2008  export tax • August 2008  struggling lower classes cause of economic collapse • Farmers on the pampas

  13. Social • October 1983 RaúlAlfonsín won elections • Members of military coup found guilty of human rights abuses • June 2008  struggling lower class against the government • July 2008 Teatro Colón closed because of protests • Opened in 1908, to be reopened 2010 • Argentine landmark

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